低滚动阻力半钢子午线轮胎胎体配方开发

开发一种低滚动阻力半钢子午线轮胎胎体配方。结果表明：采用大粒径、低结构度的炭黑N660替代炭黑N330,采用低玻璃化温度锡偶联的溶聚丁苯橡胶替代乳聚丁苯橡胶,同时调整橡胶操作油和硫黄用量后,胶料的硫化特性变化不大、硬度和定伸应力相当、拉伸性能和粘合性能略差;胶料60 ℃的损耗因子明显减小,成品轮胎的高速和耐久性能接近,滚动阻力降低4.56%,可节省汽车油耗。     

宽厚板热矫直机辊缝设定及控制

宽厚板热矫直机的辊缝控制系统是热矫直机最重要的系统，辊缝的设定和反馈直接影响钢板矫直效果，通过研究辊缝的计算方法，可以更好消除钢板的变形。     

A Dynamically Tunable,Bioinspired Micropatterned Surface Regulates Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Growth at Vascularization

Regulation of the growth of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with artificial vascular grafts at vascularization is well‐known to regenerate functional blood vessels for treating cardiovascular disease; however, little research has been published on this subject. Here, a novel polymer vascular graft is presented, whose inner surface contains an assembled circular microgroove pattern decorated with a combination of concentric circular microgrooves and radial, straight microgrooves inspired by the orientation of SMCs and ECs in natural tissues. The surface micropatterns can produce dynamically tunable variations via the thermally switched shape memory. The results from the in vitro EC/SMC co‐cultures reveal that the surface micropatterns have a great capacity to regulate the specific distribution of ECs/SMCs because the ECs grow along the radial, straight microgrooves and the SMCs grow along concentric circular microgrooves. The in vivo vascularization is further analyzed by implanting the vascular graft in the rabbit carotid artery. Both histological analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrate that it is capable of highly effectively capturing ECs and SMCs in the blood and subsequent regeneration of new blood vessels. Therefore, this study opens a new possibility for regenerating neovessels to replace and repair damaged vessels for cardiovascular diseases treatment.     

Electric-Field-Induced Ionic Sieving at Planar Graphene Oxide Heterojunctions for Miniaturized Water Desalination

Layered graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) offer a unique platform for precise sieving of small ions and molecules due to controlled sub-nanometer-wide interlayer distance and versatile surface chemistry. Pristine and chemically modified GOMs effectively block organic dyes and nanoparticles, but fail to exclude smaller ions with hydrated diameters less than 9 Å. Toward sieving of small inorganic salt ions, a number of strategies are proposed by reducing the interlayer spacing down to merely several angstroms. However, one critical challenge for such compressed GOMs is the extremely low water flux (<0.1 Lm⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) that prevents these innovative nanomaterials from being used in real-world applications. Here, a planar heterogeneous graphene oxide membrane (PHGOM) with both nearly perfect salt rejection and high water flux is reported. Horizontal ion transport through oppositely charged GO multilayer lateral heterojunction exhibits bi-unipolar transport behavior, blocking the conduction of both cations and anions. Assisted by a forward electric field, salt concentration is depleted in the near-neutral transition area of the PHGOM. In this situation, deionized water can be extracted from the depletion zone. Following this mechanism, a high rejection rate of 97.0% for NaCl and water flux of 1529 Lm⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ at the outlet via an inverted T-shaped water extraction mode are achieved.     

Anomalous Channel‐Length Dependence in Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Conversion

Recent advances in materials science and nanotechnology have lead to considerable interest in constructing ion‐channel‐mimetic nanofluidic systems for energy conversion and storage. The conventional viewpoint suggests that to gain high electrical energy, the longitudinal dimension of the nanochannels (L) should be reduced so as to bring down the resistance for ion transport and provide high ionic flux. Here, counterintuitive channel‐length dependence is described in nanofluidic osmotic power generation. For short nanochannels (with length L < 400 nm), the converted electric power persistently decreases with the decreasing channel length, showing an anomalous, non‐Ohmic response. The combined thermodynamic analysis and numerical simulation prove that the excessively short channel length impairs the charge selectivity of the nanofluidic channels and induces strong ion concentration polarization. These two factors eventually undermine the osmotic power generation and its energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, the optimal channel length should be between 400 and 1000 nm in order to maximize the electric power, while balancing the efficiency. These findings reveal the importance of a long‐overlooked element, the channel length, in nanofluidic energy conversion and provide guidance to the design of high‐performance nanofluidic energy devices.     

In-situ transmission electron microscopy observation of the helium bubble evolution in pre-irradiated fluorapatite during annealing

The polycrystalline fluorapatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆F₂ ceramic synthesized by a standard solid-state sintering method was pre-irradiated with 80 keV He⁺ ions to a fluence of 5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² at room temperature. After that, an in-situ annealing experiment was performed inside a transmission electron microscope to monitor the evolution of helium bubbles during heating to 723 and 823 K. Initially, no helium bubble formation was observed in the damage layers of the pre-irradiated samples. However, as the temperature increased, helium bubbles first became visible and then began coarsening, ultimately reaching an asymptotic radius during annealing. The migration and coalescence of helium bubbles in the fluorapatite matrix was complete at a temperature of 823 K, and its likely mechanism involved the existence of two different types of coalescing bubbles.     

Hydrogen-assisted scalable preparation of ultrathin Pt shells onto surfactant-free and uniform Pd nanoparticles for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction in practical fuel cells

Concentrating active Pt atoms in the outer layers of electrocatalysts is a very effective approach to greatly reduce the Pt loading without compromising the ele...     

Lithium-ion modified cellulose as a water-soluble binder for Li-O2 battery

An environment-friendly, water-soluble, and cellulose based binder (lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC-Li) was successfully synthesized by using Li⁺ to replace Na⁺ in the commercial sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Li-O₂ batteries based on the CMC-Li binder present enhanced discharge specific capacities (11151 mA·h/g at 100 mA/g) and a superior cycling stability (100 cycles at 200 mA/g) compared with those based on the CMC-Na binder. The enhanced performance may originate from the electrochemical stability of the CMC-Li binder and the ion-conductive nature of CMC-Li, which promotes the diffusion of Li⁺ in the cathode and consequently retards the increase of charge transfer resistance of the cathode during cycling. The results show that the water-soluble CMC-Li binder can be a green substitute for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder based on organic solvent in the lithium oxygen batteries (LOBs).     

用于双离子束注入器的杂质消除系统

研制了一套用于双离子束注入器的杂质消除系统，该系统由两台速度选择器、1台单透镜和1台双孔选束光阑组成，可实现不同荷质比的两种离子束在同时传输过程中消除杂质离子。该技术已用于1台H⁺₂和He⁺两种离子束同时传输的50 keV双离子束注入器，实现了1台加速器同时产生、传输两种离子束，并同轴注入靶内，离子束纯度好于99.9%。