铁皮石斛发酵酒品质特性研究

以铁皮石斛为原料，研究了产乳酸芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）DU-106和酿酒酵母菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）171发酵铁皮石斛酒的理化性质，并测定了发酵前后的活性成分、有机酸组成及含量、发酵酒体组成成分变化。结果表明，最佳发酵条件为芽孢杆菌∶酿酒酵母=1∶10（V/V），接种2%菌种活化液，30 ℃发酵7 d。此优化条件下，铁皮石斛酒的pH值为3.75，总酸含量为0.98%，酒精度为5.2%vol，可溶性固形物含量8%。发酵后多糖含量增加至4.99 g/L，花色苷含量增加至16.82 mg/L，有机酸含量发生明显变化，其中酒石酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸含量分别升高至280.39 mg/L、126.28 mg/L、55.19 mg/L、16.78 mg/L，苹果酸含量由53.01 mg/L降低至33.86 mg/L，且发酵前后组分差异显著，发酵后产生了2,5-二羟基-3-噻吩羧酸等化合物。混合菌发酵促进了铁皮石斛中有益物质的溶出，提高了铁皮石斛酒的营养价值。     

Safe preparation of beefy meaty peptide with Bacillus subtilis

Preparation of flavour peptides with microorganisms is an attractive choice for its large-scale production. However, beefy meaty peptide (BMP), as a research hotspot in the field of umami peptide, has been studied in few microorganisms, and furthermore, the safe preparation of BMP has not yet been reported. In this study, multi-copy BMP (8BMP) was successfully expressed and produced in the ‘generally recognized as safe’ Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Firstly, 8BMP with the potentially intense umami was screened out based on molecular docking analysis. Then, it was successfully expressed in the B. subtilis 168 and verified through sensory evaluation. Finally, the scaling capacity of 8BMP was evaluated in a 5-L fermenter, with the highest yield (0.84 g L⁻¹) 6.4 times than that of shake flask, which is conductive for industrial production of BMP and other food peptides.     

三株芽孢杆菌的生防特性研究

为明确贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）GY1、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）GY10和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）GY12的生防特性，采用平板试验法、对扣法、盆栽试验等，对三株生防菌的抑菌谱、次生代谢产物、挥发性物质、根际定殖能力和促生能力等进行了研究。结果表明，GY1、GY10、GY12培养液可以显著促进烟草种子的萌发和烟株的生长；三株生防菌抑菌谱广，对烟草赤星病菌、黑胫病菌及花生镰刀菌等9种病原具有显著的抑制作用，并且都具有分泌嗜铁素和蛋白酶的能力；三株生防菌发酵上清液和挥发性物质对链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata）和烟草疫霉菌（Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae）具有显著抑制作用；菌株的分泌蛋白热稳定性好，对烟草赤星病菌具有显著的体外抑菌活性，并对酸性环境具有较高的耐受性；根际定殖结果表明，GY1-GY10-GY12复配与单菌株相比能增加各生防菌在烟草根际的定殖。以上结果对于菌株GY1、GY10、GY12生防特性的深入挖掘和产业化开发具有一定的指导作用。     

Gelatinised and hydrolysed corn starch is a cost-effective carbon source with higher production of L-lactic acid by Bacillus coagulans compared with glucose

L-lactic acid is an important organic acid widely used in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. Bacillus coagulans BCS13002 can efficiently produce L-lactic acid with two kinds of carbon sources. BCS13002 produced L-lactic acid at a content of 10.23 ± 0.16 g/L and 11.67 ± 0.22 g/L, when glucose and gelatinised and hydrolysed corn starch （GHCS） were used, respectively. GHCS exhibits several advantages, including high yield of L-lactic acid and low cost. Proteomics analyses identified several key enzymes, which contributed to the higher production of L-lactic acid when GHCS was used as the carbon source. Those key enzymes were involved in the two-component system (SpoOF), pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (pantothenate synthetase, 1.584-fold; dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, 1.517-fold), beta-alanine metabolism (1.605-fold) and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis (1.517-fold) pathways. This study provides a biological basis for using GHCS as a substitute of glucose in the production of L-lactic acid.     

芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.dwc-2对模拟地下水中U(Ⅵ)的还原行为研究

在厌氧条件下研究了西南地区一种典型土壤微生物芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.dwc-2对模拟地下水中U(Ⅵ)的还原行为，重点考察了时间、无机阴离子、腐殖酸（HA）及富里酸（FA）对还原的影响，并利用TEM、EDS、SAED和XPS对还原后的样品进行了表征。结果表明：在pH=7.0、c_NaHCO3=5 mmol/L和T=303 K条件下，Bacillus sp.dwc-2对U(Ⅵ)的还原率随时间的增加而增加，24 h内最大还原率为12.2%，此后则随时间的增加逐渐降低；HA和FA对U(Ⅵ)的微生物还原行为有一定影响，其中HA和FA浓度为25 mg/L时，U(Ⅵ)的还原在24 h最明显，其还原率分别为14.2%和16.2%，但随着HA和FA浓度的继续增加，因在U(Ⅵ)离子与HA、FA形成的配合物表面形成致密的腐殖层，抑制了电子的转移，阻止了U(Ⅵ)的还原。此外，研究表明HCO₃^-也会抑制U(Ⅵ)的还原。TEM-SAED和XPS分析证实了还原过程中U(Ⅳ)的存在。上述结果可为真实环境中微生物还原U(Ⅵ)提供基础数据和参考。     

一株芝麻香型白酒高温大曲细菌Q2B1的鉴定及其产酶活性研究

大曲细菌关系到白酒酿造的品质，其中酶的含量与活性与白酒的风味紧密关联。以芝麻香型白酒高温大曲优势细菌代表菌株Q2B1为研究对象，利用分子生物学技术对其分类学地位进行研究，并通过全基因组研究技术对产酶相关功能基因与代谢通路进行研究。结果表明，菌株Q2B1被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）。利用传统的培养技术定性定量地检测其酶活力，发现菌株Q2B1可产淀粉酶和蛋白酶，活力分别为5.852 U/mL和26.770 U/mL；其产酶相关功能基因组长度为3 475 602 bp，包括蛋白酶编码基因以及淀粉酶编码基因，在基因水平上初步揭示了Q2B1菌株合成蛋白酶和淀粉酶的分子机理，为进一步合理开发白酒大曲微生物奠定理论基础，为提高白酒品质提供科学依据。     

促烟草种子萌发的细菌菌株筛选及促生特性研究

以芽孢杆菌属、贪铜菌属、假单胞菌属及土壤杆菌属的7株细菌菌株对烟草K326种子进行浸种处理，通过测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数筛选到能够促进种子萌发的2株菌株；以钼蓝比色法测定培养液可溶磷含量，Salkowski法测定产IAA能力，CAS法测定分泌铁载体能力，对筛选出的2株菌的促生特性进行分析。结果表明，从贵州烟区土壤分离的2株高效氨化芽孢杆菌菌株可显著提高烟草种子的发芽指标，幼苗苗长显著高于未浸种处理。促生特性分析显示Bacillus toyonensis AMM-2和Bacillus mobilis AMM-5菌株的溶磷量分别为26.26和26.80 mg/L，产IAA的能力分别为21.57和7.40 μg/mL，铁载体分泌活性分别为35.08%和8.64%。研究显示，2株高效氨化细菌菌株具有优良的促生特性及显著的促种子萌发效应，可应用于烟草漂浮育苗，为促生有机肥的研制提供依据。     

Plant Growth Promotion Function of Bacillus sp. Strains Isolated from Salt-Pan Rhizosphere and Their Biocontrol Potential against Macrophomina phaseolina

In recent decades, intensive crop management has involved excessive use of pesticides or fertilizers, compromising environmental integrity and public health. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find an eco-friendly and safe strategy to ensure agricultural productivity. Among alternative approaches, Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria are receiving increasing attention as suitable biocontrol agents against agricultural pests. In the present study, 22 spore-forming bacteria were selected among a salt-pan rhizobacteria collection for their PGP traits and their antagonistic activity against the plant pathogen fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the higher antifungal activity, strain RHFS10, identified as Bacillus vallismortis, was further examined and cell-free supernatant assays, column purification, and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to purify and preliminarily identify the antifungal metabolites. Interestingly, the minimum inhibitory concentration assessed for the fractions active against M. phaseolina was 10 times lower and more stable than the one estimated for the commercial fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene. These results suggest the use of B. vallismortis strain RHFS10 as a potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as an alternative to chemical pesticides to efficiently control the phytopathogenic fungus M. phaseolina.     

Innovative hydrogen release from sodium borohydride hydrolysis using biocatalyst-like Fe2O3 nanoparticles impregnated on Bacillus simplex bacteria

For the first time in this innovative study, microorganisms such as Bacillus simplex bacteria, mostly used in biological activity studies, are used as a bio-supporter agent of iron to release hydrogen from sodium borohydride hydrolysis at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The goal is to investigate thoroughly sodium borohydride hydrolysis catalyzed by Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles impregnated on microorganism such as Bacillus simplex (BS) bacteria (Fe₂O₃@BS NPs) known with strong antibacterial properties, which makes innovative them a candidate for hydrolysis reaction. This study was focused on the preparation, identification, and catalytic use of biocatalyst-like Fe₂O₃@BS NPs for hydrogen release from the sodium borohydride hydrolysis at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C. The characterization results made after and before hydrolysis reaction using by SEM/SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, UV–vis, XPS, DLS, ELS Zeta potential, ESR, and TEM techniques reveal the formation of highly active, stable, durable, and long-lived biocatalysts-like Fe₂O₃@BS NPs.