世纪之交的炼油工业

环境保护是２１世纪的主题，地球将变得更加清洁，世界炼油工业环保和工艺方面面临挑战和机遇。阐述了２１世纪前期将可能实现工业化的新技术、新工艺以及具有高收率、高能源利用率，低污染辐射和较好经济效益的新一代炼油厂构型。     

Ionic Liquid-assisted Synthesis of Polyaniline/Gold Nanocomposite and Its Biocatalytic Application

In this report, a novel chemical synthesis of polyaniline/gold nanocomposite is explored using ionic liquid (IL) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The direct chemical synthesis of polyaniline/gold nanocomposite was initiated via the spontaneous oxidation of aniline by AuCl₄ ⁻ in IL. A nearly uniform dispersion of polyaniline/Au particles with a diameter of 450 ± 80 nm was produced by this method, which indicates that this method is more suitable for controlling particle dimensions. It was also found that the electrical conductivity of the polyaniline/gold nanocomposite was more than 100 times higher than that of the pure polyaniline nanoparticles. The polyaniline/gold nanocomposite displays superior function in the biocatalytic activation of microperoxidase-11 because of the high surface area of the assembly and the enhanced charge transport properties of the composite material. We also report the possible application of polyaniline/gold nanocomposite as a H₂O₂ biosensor.     

燃料生物脱硫技术的研究进展

在总结国外相关文献的基础上对燃料生物脱硫技术进行了介绍和综合论述。内容涉及了在二苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩、噻吩、硫醇和烷基硫醇中硫的代谢过程。对生物反应器和脱硫工艺进行了比较讨论 ,介绍了单独生物脱硫和生物脱硫与加氢脱硫联合工艺技术。此技术一旦在国内获得成功 ,它将为各炼厂节约大量加氢脱硫所用的资金 ,同时也提高了汽、柴油等燃料油的燃烧质量 ,减少了对环境的污染 ,它的经济效益和环保效益巨大 ,因此该技术有非常广泛的发展前景     

脱硫技术进展

当今,世界各国对油品的消耗量日益增加.由于人们对环境意识的逐渐增强,使得石油炼制工业必须继续走深加工的道路,大力发展脱硫技术.介绍了国内外脱硫技术最新进展,阐述了各种不同脱硫技术的性能、特点、反应原理和应用现状,并预测了脱硫技术的发展趋势.     

药物氟西汀中间体3-氯-1-苯基丙醇的生物催化合成研究

3-氯-1-苯基丙醇是制备抗抑郁药物氟西汀重要中间体。从微生物催化法、植物细胞催化法以及酶催化法等方面,系统综述了药物氟西汀中间体3-氯-1-苯基丙醇的生物催化合成研究进展。     

Biocatalytic membrane reactor modeling for fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater: A review

Biologically produced hydrogen is a valuable energy carrier generated from renewable sources such as wastewater. This review focuses on modeling a submerged membrane bioreactor, namely the whole-cell biocatalytic membrane reactor (BMR), for simultaneous cell immobilization and gas recovery in fermentative hydrogen production. This technology is presented as an alternative for improved gas separation, and its fundamentals are comprehensively overviewed. We discuss models and modeling strategies that can partially represent the phenomenology involved in the BMR of interest. Empirical or semiempirical models are a well-established tool for fermentative bioreactors. Although these might not be suitable for BMRs due to spatial heterogeneity and process complexity, we compare different kinetic expressions for hydrogen formation, focusing on reaction and mass transfer limiting steps. Moreover, models of BMRs or similar for wastewater treatment are analyzed by classifying the phenomena, variables, and gaps that they have not covered to describe the internal design appropriately.