Microwave irradiated Carrageenan-Guar gum micro-porous IPN: a novel material for isotropic tissue scaffolding

In this study, a novel micro porous honeycomb structured Crg-GG-IPN material was incepted to be applicable as scaffold and accomplished. The hydrophilicity was confirmed by FT-IR and OCA. Amorphous nature and micro-rough surface were confirmed by XRD and AFM. Void fraction was 0.61?±?0.04. Void space, hemocompatibility and platelet adhesion were captured by SEM. Degradability of the material was confirmed by in-vitro degradation study. Incision method using mice model was a clear evidence for cell attachment and non-toxicity and was confirmed from hematology and histopathology. Thus, it appears that Crg-GG scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material for clinical applications.     

Carrageenan-guar gum microwave irradiated micro-porous interpenetrating polymer network: A system for drug delivery

A series of microwave irradiated IPN of Crg and GG have been synthesized and cross linking through hydrogen bonding was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal sensitivity at 48°C, degradation above 200°C is an emblem of uniqueness. We obtained micro rough surface morphology, hydrophilicity and muco-adhesion supporting S6 for targeted drug delivery. Honey comb like internal architecture will provide high mechanical strength. The sample S6 showed 72% drug release in 12 hours. Based on the results, it was concluded that the S6 can be used as target oriented controlled drug delivery devices enabling control over swelling and drug release.     

Harvest optimization of four Kappaphycus species from the Philippines

The booming seaweed industry in the Philippines has been recently challenged by several problems, including the degrading quality of carrageenan extracts from farmed Kappaphycus species. One emerging concern is the correctness of certain agronomic protocols, specifically the recommended duration of culture of farmed seaweeds. We determined in this study the effect of duration of culture on seaweed biomass and carrageenan quantity and quality of four commercially farmed Kappaphycus species. A mathematical formula was then employed to derive a weekly optimization index (a metric incorporating several parameters or product attributes, viz., biomass, carrageenan yield and gel strength) which was used to determine the appropriate time of harvest. The Kappaphycus species exhibited c. 300% increase in biomass within 4-7 weeks in culture (c. 150 g from an initial biomass of 50 g wet weight) and then a biomass plateau was observed. Carrageenan yield in all seaweeds fluctuated minimally (mean: 55-58%; s.d.: 2-4%), however, gel strength peaked at 8-9 weeks of culture. Highest optimization index was obtained during week 8 for Kappaphycus alvarezii var. alvarezii and week 9 for the rest of the cultured seaweeds (Kappaphycus striatum var. sacol, Kappaphycus sp. “aring-aring” and Kappaphycus sp. “duyan”); hence, the recommended harvest times for the respective seaweeds are during these weeks of culture. As several seaweed manuals recommend other culture durations, a revision of these is appealed in order to safeguard the quality of farmed Kappaphycus species.     

Multiphase visualisation of fat containing β-lactoglobulin-κ-carrageenan gels by confocal scanning laser microscopy, using a novel dye, V03-01136, for fat staining

In this study, the gel strength and visible microstructure of fat containing β-lactoglobulin-κ-carrageenan gels were investigated using puncture testing and confocal scanning laser microscopy, respectively. The gel strength was closely linked to the visible microstructure of the whey protein network as stained with Rhodamine B. Covalent labelling of κ-carrageenan with FITC prior to gel formation enabled localisation of the hydrocolloid phase, but caused a significant drop in the gel strength. This effect coincided with the observed reduction of the κ-carrageenan intrinsic viscosity, which was found to be a result of the labelling process. The use of a novel dye, V03-01136, for the staining of fat allowed for the specific and concurrent visualisation of the protein, hydrocolloid and fat phases under the conditions applied in the study.     

The influence of carrageenan on the properties of low-fat frankfurters

Research was undertaken to study the technological properties of six carrageenan fractions and their usefulness as fat substitutes in frankfurter type sausages. In the first stage of the experiment hardness of gels made of 3% solutions of carrageenan preparations with different pH (5.5, 6.0 and 6.5) was evaluated. The highest F_max. values were noted in gels obtained from G-WG carrageenan (kappa I fraction). In the second stage of the study frankfurter type sausages were produced, containing 20% and 10% of fat in meat batter with or without (control) kappa I carrageenan (G-WG). Carrageenan as a fat substitute caused a reduction in cooking and storage weight losses, increased hardness, gumminess and chewiness. All frankfurters produced with carrageenan, irrespective of fat content, were characterized by significantly higher sensory evaluation scores for texture, color and taste in comparison to control sausages.     

卡拉胶在肉制品中的应用

介绍了卡拉胶的功能特性,强调了卡拉胶应用于肉制品加工中的工艺要求。     

卡拉胶改性三聚磷酸铝对水性环氧涂层防腐性能的影响

通通过卡拉胶（KC）对三聚磷酸铝（ATP）进行接枝改性获得KC-ATP改性填料,再将其添加到水性环氧树脂（WEP）中制备复合防腐涂层。采用FTIR、XPS、TG、SEM对ATP改性前后的形貌、结构进行表征。结果表明,KC成功地接枝到ATP表面,改善了ATP的水溶性。采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和盐雾实验考察了复合涂层的防腐性能。结果表明,复合涂层的防腐性能明显优于纯水性环氧涂层,且当KC-ATP功能填料含量为1.0%时（以水性环氧树脂的质量为基准,下同）,涂层的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳,浸泡48 h后涂层的极化电阻Rp为8.183×107 Ω∙cm2,远高于ATP改性复合涂层和纯环氧涂层。     

Chitin whiskers reinforced carrageenan films as low adhesion cell substrates

Carrageenan was used to prepare carrageenan films reinforced with chitin nanowhiskers. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the morphology and roughness of the films. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. The prepared nanocomposites were used as cell substrate in order to explore their potential biological applications. HeLa cells were seeded on the samples in order to assess their biocompatibility. The preliminary results show good cell proliferation but low cell adhesion, demonstrating a potential application of this novel material as substrate for tumor cell culture.     

Aerosol-jet produced,magnetic carrageenan-gel particles: A new affinity chromatography matrix

A new method was developed to produce uniform spherical magnetic carrageenan-gel particles suitable for the affinity chromatography purification of large molecules. A sol-phase of k-carrageenan is pumped into an air jet to produce an aerosol of gel particles. The particle size can be varied by adjusting the air jet velocity. The gel particles are stable in 0-5 mol dm_?3 KCI to 190 psi. The gel particles were used to immobilize soy trypsin inhibitor for the affinity purification of trypsin. The affinity matrix was tested in a packed-bed separator, fluidized-bed separator and a magnetically-stabilized fluidized-bed separator with similar column capacity for each separator.