Comparative analysis of Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids on a peristaltic flow governed by an asymmetric channel

Contraction and expansion play a crucial role in biomedical applications, such as heart pumping, ovum in the feminine fallopian vessel, blood fluid transport, and so forth. Inspired by these features, the present effort concentrates on the consequences of a thermal slip in the peristalsis of Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids in asymmetric flow formation. Hence, the microrotation influence of blood flow is considered here. Heat transported through the channel due to perpendicular flow buoyancy effects is also studied. The special effects of thermal radiation, nanoparticle shape, and heat source/sink parameters on the flow are studied in the proposed model. The MATLAB BVP4c condition is utilized to achieve the numerical solutions of the transformed system of nonlinear coupled differential equations. The most important outcome of the present analysis is an enhancement in the evaluation study of the Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids on the axial velocity, axial spin velocity, pressure gradient, and temperature distributions in the asymmetric channel. Also, another important outcome is observed that the Cu–CuO blood nanofluid strongly has dominated the Cu/blood nanofluid in axial spin velocity.     

Hybrid sonochemic urea-nitrate combustion preparation of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst used in fuel cell-grade hydrogen production from methanol: Effect of sonication and fuel/nitrate ratio

Fuel cell-grade hydrogen production has been studied via steam reforming of methanol (SRM) over a series of CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ nanocatalysts fabricated by the combustion method. The effect of sonication and urea/nitrate ratio on the characteristics and catalytic properties of the prepared catalysts has been investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and FTIR analyses XRD patterns showed positive influence of urea/nitrate ratio on CuO and ZnO crystallite sizes. The ultrasonic mixing of primary gel compared with conventional mixing led to lower crystallite size. FESEM images showed that the sample mixed by sonication with a urea/nitrate ratio of 1 had more homogeneous morphology with narrow particle size distribution. EDX results proved the presence of all metals on the surface of the nanocatalysts and better consistence between the gel and surface composition of elements in samples prepared by sonication. Catalytic performance showed that sonication during the mixing of primary gel dramatically increased the methanol conversion. It was also proved that increasing the amount of urea led to lower catalytic activity. The ultrasound-treated nanocatalyst with urea/nitrate?=?1 was the best sample in terms of activity and selectivity. It was stable in the SRM for 1200?min without considerable change in methanol conversion and product selectivity.     

Effects of CuO nano powder on performance improvement and entropy production of double-pipe heat exchanger with innovative perforated turbulators

The objective of the present numerical study is to investigate the heat transfer enhancement, entropy generation, and thermal performance of turbulent nanofluids inside double-pipe heat exchangers equipped with novel perforated cylindrical turbulators. Effects of inflow velocity, CuO nanoparticles volume fraction and perforated index are evaluated on the Nusselt number, friction loss, thermal performance factor (η), and viscous irreversibilities of the double-pipe heat exchangers. The newly proposed perforated turbulators with CuO nanopowder with ϕ = 1.5% provide the thermal performance of η = 1.931, which is considerably higher than the other previous studies. The results show that raising PI reduces the turbulent kinetic energy, especially in outer regions of the cylindrical turbulator. The jet formation near the walls and the perforations is the primary physical reason for this. The viscous entropy generation is increased up to 153.0% by increasing the Re number from 6,000 to 17,000 for PI = 8% and DR = 0.7. Thermal boundary layer disruption is the primary physical reason for heat transfer enhancement.     

Experimental investigation of Co and Fe-Doped CuO nanostructured electrode material for remarkable electrochemical performance

The current research work presents a facile and cost–effective co-precipitation method to prepare doped (Co & Fe) CuO and undoped CuO nanostructures without usage of any type of surfactant or capping agents. The structural analysis reveals monoclinic crystal structure of synthesized pure CuO and doped-CuO nanostructures. The effect of different morphologies on the performance of supercapacitors has been found in CV (cyclic voltammetry) and GCD (galvanic charge discharge) investigations. The specific capacitances have been obtained 156 (±5) Fg^?1, 168(±5) Fg^?1 and 186 (±5) Fg^?1 for CuO, Co-doped CuO and Fe-doped CuO electrodes, respectively at scan rate of 5 mVs^?1, while it is found to be 114 (±5) Fg^?1, 136 (±5) Fg^?1 and 170 (±5) Fg^?1 for CuO, Co–CuO and Fe–CuO, respectively at 0.5 Ag^-1 as calculated from the GCD. The super capacitive performance of the Fe–CuO nanorods is mainly attributed to the synergism that evolves between CuO and Fe metal ion. The Fe-doped CuO with its nanorods like morphology provides superior specific capacitance value and excellent cyclic stability among all studied nanostructured electrodes. Consequently, it motivates to the use of Fe-doped CuO nanostructures as electrode material in the next generation energy storage devices.     

Effects of CuO addition on the sinterability and electric properties in PbNb2O6-based ceramics

PbNb₂O₆ (PN)-based ceramics with tungsten bronze structure are promising piezoelectric materials in high-temperature devices such as piezoelectric vibration transducers. However, the PN-based ceramics usually exhibit a low bulk density, which greatly limits their practical applications. In this work, CuO was used as the sintering aid to form a liquid-phase bridge, leading to an obvious increase of the bulk density of PN-based ceramics by 11% (from 5.25 to 5.85 g cm⁻³) and the improvement of the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) (from 168 to 190 pC/N) and the Curie temperature (T_C) from 367 to 395 °C. The positive influence of CuO on densification has been proved by SEM and fracture toughness. The XRD patterns confirmed that there was no secondary phase introduced by CuO addition. The Raman spectra revealed that part of Cu²⁺ ions has probably diffused into host lattice of the PN and preferred to occupy on A-sites. These results not only demonstrate the high potential of the CuO added PN-based ceramics for high-temperature piezoelectric applications, but also reveal the corresponding structure-properties relationship as well as provide a way to improve the sinterability, d₃₃, and T_C simultaneously.     

Hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification of lignin over CuO–ZnO catalyst synthesized with different methods

In this study, lignin was gasified in supercritical water with catalysis of CuO–ZnO synthesized by deposition precipitation, co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. Sol-gel synthesized CuO–ZnO showed the highest catalytic performance, and the gasification efficiency was increased by 37.92% with it. The XRD, SEM-EDS and N₂ adsorption/desorption analysis showed that the priority of the sol-gel catalyst was the smallest crystallite size, largest specific surface area and high dispersion. For sol-gel synthesized CuO–ZnO, the increase of CuO/ZnO ratio improved the gasification efficiency but reduced H₂ selectivity. And the catalytic activity was reduced with the calcination temperature above 600 °C due to enlarged crystallites and reduced pores. During sol-gel preparation, both the addition of ethanol and PEG in the solvent reduced the agglomeration and improved the catalytic activity. With CuO–ZnO prepared with 1 g PEG + water as the solvent, the highest H₂ yield of 6.86 mol/kg was obtained, which was over 1.5 times of that without catalyst.     

Ni2O3/CuO/Sb2O3:SnO2下转换材料光谱特性试验研究

以氧化锡为主要材料,掺杂过渡元素氧化物,采用高温烧结法制备了在1.06 μm处具有激光吸收性能的下转换粉体材料.对材料的1.06 μm激光吸收性能、晶相结构、表面形貌以及光谱下转换位移进行了表征.最后,将合成材料制备成涂料样品,测试1.06 μm激光吸收性能.结果表明,该材料对1.06 μm激光具有较高的吸收性能.     

纳米CuO的制备及其在微孔装药中的应用

采用常温固相反应法在聚乙二醇2000作为分散剂条件下制备了纳米Cu O,用超声共混法制备了纳米Al/Cu O。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对所制备样品的性能进行表征和分析。结果表明:制备的纳米Cu O结构形貌统一,类似八面体结构,一次粒径在30nm左右,和球形的纳米Al粉混合均匀,形成纳米Al/Cu O,团聚后在100~200nm之间,差热分析(DTA)其放热量为2 798J·g-1。将纳米Al/Cu O配制成含能油墨,用喷墨打印装置实现了药室直径为0.7mm、厚度为1mm的10×10阵列装药,并研究了纳米Al/Cu O在微孔装药中的应用。结果表明,纳米Al/Cu O在微孔中能稳定燃烧,燃烧时间在微秒级,火焰长度约为2~4cm,燃速约为0.142 9m/s。     

纳米铝热剂Al/CuO的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法及超临界干燥技术,以聚丙烯酸(PAA)作为分散剂,1,2-环氧丙烷作为Cu(Ⅱ)离子水解促进剂制备了CuO气凝胶,并在温和、无毒的条件下制备了纳米铝热剂Al/CuO。采用比表面测试法(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析法(DTA)-差示扫描量热法(DSC)等方法对样品的结构和热反应特性进行表征。结果表明,纳米Al粒子与CuO气凝胶粒子均匀复合,形成Al/CuO。纳米铝热剂Al/CuO的反应放热峰分别出现在598℃和752℃左右,快速燃烧过程伴随明亮火焰。