Metabonomics analysis of nonvolatile small molecules of beers during forced ageing

Three kinds of beers with different degrees of ageing were used to examine their nonvolatile small molecules by a metabonomics approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS). Results showed that a total of 2114 compounds were detected in forced‐aged beers with the positive mode of UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS. There was a clear separation among three groups of beers with different degrees of ageing in principal component analysis (PCA) model. Sixteen potential metabolite markers related to beer oxidative stability were identified by orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA). Results from the changes in the spectrum also indicated that some new compounds formed in beer during forced ageing. Thus, the proposed metabonomics approach is a powerful tool to give a fully understanding the ageing process of beer based on the identification of the markers related to oxidative stability.     

DA分散剂在超细SiO2粉磨过程中的助磨作用研究

本文利用搅拌磨进行了超细SiO2粉的粉磨制备研究。在适宜的搅拌磨操作条件下,添加DA分散剂进行超细SiO2粉的粉磨试验,通过产品粒度(d50、d97)考察了助磨剂对粉磨过程的影响,并确定了DA分散剂的最佳用量。最后通过DA分散剂对SiO2硬度及矿浆流变性的影响,探讨了助磨剂的作用机理。     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

高阶IIR滤波器的FPGA实现

结合IIR数字滤波器的基本结构,针对分布式算法中查找表规模过大的缺点,采用级联或并联结构,利用多块查找表使得硬件规模极大地减小,提出了并行和串行相结合的设计方案,并且实现了级联方式的10阶IIR低通滤波器。通过试验验证了该方法的有效性和实时性。     

多巴胺改性聚苯硫脲与聚偏氟乙烯共混复合材料的制备与性能

聚苯硫脲（ArPTU）是一种新型高击穿、低损耗的材料,为提高其储能密度,在与聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）共混的过程中,如何提高其溶解性,降低界面问题,成为研究热点之一。利用多巴胺（DA）对其进行改性可以有效地改善其与PVDF的界面问题。采用溶液流延热压的方法制备出不同共混比的多巴胺改性聚苯硫脲共混聚偏氟乙烯（DA/ArPTU-PVDF）复合薄膜。并采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱、阻抗分析仪等对其进行表征。结果表明:当DA/ArPTU-PVDF中DA/ArPTU质量分数为10wt%~15wt%时,PVDF的β晶型相对含量显著增加,这是其介电性能增加的主要原因之一;100 Hz时,介电常数最大可以达到10.3（10wt% DA/ArPTU）,同时介电损耗降低,最低达到了0.008（25wt% DA/ArPTU）。复合材料的储能密度也有明显提高,最大可以达3.0 J/cm3（10wt% DA/ArPTU）,相对于纯PVDF提高了63.3%。此外,复合材料的击穿特性相比于纯PVDF具有很大的提高,最大可达556.4MV/m（15wt% DA/ArPTU）。而且,改性后的复合材料力学性能也有了很大的提高。最大断裂伸长率可以达到196.7%（5wt% DA/ArPTU）,展现出了柔性高击穿储能材料的潜力。      

Quality Evaluation of Shelled and Unshelled Macadamia Nuts by Means of Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)

The quality of shelled and unshelled macadamia nuts was assessed by means of Fourier transformed near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy. Shelled macadamia nuts were sorted as sound nuts; nuts infected by Ecdytolopha aurantiana and Leucopteara coffeella; and cracked nuts caused by germination. Unshelled nuts were sorted as intact nuts (<10% half nuts, 2014); half nuts (March, 2013; November, 2013); and crushed nuts (2014). Peroxide value (PV) and acidity index (AI) were determined according to AOAC. PCA‐LDA shelled macadamia nuts classification resulted in 93.2% accurate classification. PLS PV prediction model resulted in a square error of prediction (SEP) of 3.45 meq/kg, and a prediction coefficient determination value (R_p²) of 0.72. The AI PLS prediction model was better (SEP = 0.14%, R_p² = 0.80). Although adequate classification was possible (93.2%), shelled nuts must not contain live insects, therefore the classification accuracy was not satisfactory. FT‐NIR spectroscopy can be successfully used to predict PV and AI in unshelled macadamia nuts, though.     

TPC译码反馈在超宽带TR接收机中的应用

为了消除超宽带通信中数据辅助（DA）的平均发射参考（ATR）接收机的判决错误传播风险,提出加入FEC译码反馈机制,用译码判决输出来反馈更新相关模板的思路。比较选择出适合的Turbo乘积码（TPC）,据此形成了一种TPC译码反馈的改进DA-ATR接收机。对其性能进行了分析和多径信道仿真,结果表明：该接收机能有效消除上述风险,检测性能优于单纯TPC纠错的一般ATR接收机,约有1 dB信噪比增益优势。     

Valorization of chitins extracted from North Morocco shrimps: Comparison of chitin reactivity and characteristics

Huge quantities of waste discharged by the gray and pink shrimp decortication units in the North of Morocco can be valorized by producing about 950 tons of pure chitin, which can be transformed into 700 tons of highly to totally deacetylated chitosan. During the preparation of chitin and chitosan from gray and pink shrimps, differences in reaction behavior were observed even though these are taxonomically close species. The presented results concern several chitinous sources, and they show that the progress in the N-deacetylation reactions of chitin would be linked to the crystallinity index of the starting chitin. Following the kinetic study of the polymer hydrolysis during N-deacetylation, the difference in the molecular weights of the chitosan samples obtained under identical reaction conditions was related to the differences between molecular weights of the native chitin, 478 000 g.mol⁻¹ for pink shrimp and 562 000 for gray shrimp. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47804.     

基于DA模型的煤表面甲烷吸附线预测

采用高低温甲烷吸附解吸测试系统,在243.15, 263.15, 283.15, 303.15和323.15 K下用不同变质程度的煤(气肥煤、焦煤、贫煤和无烟煤等)对甲烷进行等温吸附,基于微孔填充Dubinbin?Astakhov(DA)模型对其它环境温度下煤的CH4吸附等温线进行预测. 结果表明,不同变质程度的煤对甲烷的吸附量均随温度降低而增大,且饱和吸附量和特征吸附能与温度具有良好的线性关系. 模型预测的等温吸附曲线与实验结果吻合较好,相对误差不超过5%.