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1.
低共熔溶剂(DESs)作为近年来新兴的绿色溶剂,因其具有低挥发性、可生物降解、环境友好、成本低和组合灵活等特点,可结合各种萃取技术如超声辅助萃取、微波辅助萃取、中空纤维萃取和固相萃取等, 在预处理过程中有多种应用,不仅可以提高提取效率、降低常规分析的成本,而且减少对人类健康和环境污染影响。本文全面综述了近几年基于低共溶溶剂在样品前处理技术在食品样品分析中的研究进展。  相似文献   
2.
目的:优化低共熔溶剂提取绿茶总黄酮工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。方法:以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,以低共熔溶剂种类、液料比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素,采用正交试验优化低共熔溶剂提取绿茶总黄酮工艺参数,并对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果:绿茶总黄酮的最优提取工艺为以80%乙酰胆碱—乳酸(n乙酰胆碱∶n乳酸=1∶1)水溶液为低共熔溶剂,液料比(V溶剂∶m绿茶)30∶1(mL/g),提取温度90℃,提取时间75 min,此条件下绿茶总黄酮提取率为1.84%,总黄酮质量浓度为65.8 mg/mL。一定质量浓度范围内,绿茶总黄酮提取液对DPPH自由基和OH自由基的清除能力强于维生素C。结论:以80%乙酰胆碱—乳酸(n乙酰胆碱∶n乳酸=1∶1)水溶液为低共熔溶剂提取的绿茶总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。  相似文献   
3.
Tin is one of the vital substances in the material and chemical industry. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) possesses excellent physicochemical properties for metal preparation. In this study, the electrochemical behavior of Sn(II) and metallic tin preparation in choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) DES were investigated. Linear sweep voltammetry is carried out to study the effects of substrate material (Ni, Cu, Pt, C, Fe, Al, W, glassy carbon (GC) and Ti), temperature (313–353 K) and SnCl2 concentration (10–100 mM) on the electrochemical behavior of Sn(II)/Sn. Results demonstrate that metallic tin is easier to be prepared on the Ni electrode, and increasing temperature and SnCl2 concentration both facilitate the reduction of Sn(II). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) shows that the main form of Sn(II) is [SnCl3]-. Chronoamperometric tests indicate that with the increase of applied potential, the nucleation of Sn(II) on the nickel electrode becomes close to the instantaneous nucleation. Simultaneously, the nucleation rate and the number of active sites on the electrode surface increase significantly. Pure tin with a dendritic structure could be prepared with higher current efficiency of 96.4% and lower energy consumption of 320.5 kW·h·t?1 without any additives. All these studies provide a fundamental basis for the preparation of tin powders in ChCl-EG DES.  相似文献   
4.
To avoid the state–space explosion by including tick events in timed discrete event systems (DESs) under partial observation, a notion of eligible time bounds is introduced and based on the notion, controllability and observability conditions of languages are presented. In particular, this paper shows that these controllability and observability conditions are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a supervisor to achieve the given language specification.  相似文献   
5.
Seong-Jin Park 《Automatica》2008,44(3):875-881
This paper addresses a supervisory control problem for uncertain timed discrete event systems (DESs) under partial observation. An uncertain timed DES to be controlled is represented by a set of possible timed models based on the framework of Brandin and Wonham [(1994). Supervisory control of timed discrete event systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 39(2), 329-342]. To avoid the state space explosion problem caused by tick events in the timed models, a notion of eligible time bounds is proposed for a single timed model obtained from the set of all possible timed models. Based on this notion, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust supervisor achieving a given language specification for the single timed model. Moreover, we show that the robust supervisor can also achieve the specification for any timed model in the set.  相似文献   
6.
To enhance the catalytic performance of H2SO4-catalyzed alkylation, various catalytic additives have drawn considerable attentions. Herein, the effects of deep eutectic solvent (DES) additives on catalytic performance and the interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation were systematically investigated using experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimental results indicate that DESs with the optimal concentration about 1.0 wt% can efficiently improve C8 selectivity and research octane number of alkylate, especially at low temperature, but contribute less to the lifetime of H2SO4. MD results reveal that the phenyl molecules of DESs additives play a major role in enhancing interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation, including enlargement of interfacial thickness, promotion of isobutane relative solubility and diffusion to butene, which is probably the main reason for the better quality of alkylate. This work gives a good guideline for the design of novel DESs for H2SO4 alkylation.  相似文献   
7.
低共熔溶剂广泛应用于很多领域,尤其在气体净化领域有很好的应用前景。为探究吸收容量大、再生能力较强的低共熔溶剂协同吸收烟气中SO2和NO的性能,采用氯化亚铁(FeCl2)、乙二醇(EG)与四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)制备络合亚铁乙二醇-四丁基溴化铵低共熔溶剂[Fe(Ⅱ)EG-TBAB DESs],重点考察了温度、停留时间、氧气分压和FeCl2浓度等因素对低共熔溶剂脱除烟气中SO2和NO性能的影响。结果表明:在温度为50℃、氧气分压为5%、FeCl2浓度为0.1mol/L的条件下,Fe(Ⅱ) EG-TBAB DESs能够协同高效吸收烟气中的SO2和NO。烟气中H2O和O2存在的条件下,SO2气体能够形成HSO3-HSO4-,进一步促进Fe(Ⅱ) EG-TBAB低共熔溶剂吸收烟气中NO气体,生成Fe(Ⅱ)EG-TBAB(NO)。低共熔溶剂经6次吸收-脱附再生循环后其脱硫脱硝能力变化不大,仍保持较好的脱硫脱硝稳定性。  相似文献   
8.
The paper contributes with an original method of designing a control for discrete event systems modeled by a class of timed Petri nets. Precisely, this work deals with the closed loop control of Timed Event Graphs (TEGs) under specifications expressed with linear marking constraints. The objective of the controller is to limit the number of tokens in some places of these TEGs. The behavior of TEGs is represented by a system of difference equations that are linear in Min‐Plus algebra and the constraints are described by a set of inequalities, which are also linear in Min‐Plus algebra. A formal approach to design control laws that guarantee compliance with these marking constraints is proposed. For this, two sufficient conditions for the existence of control laws are proposed. The computed controls are causal feedbacks, which can be represented by a set of marked and timed places. The proposed method is illustrated in two applications: a manufacturing production line and an assembly system.  相似文献   
9.
研究氯化胆碱低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)提取野菊花中的总黄酮、总槲皮素和槲皮苷。首先,合成了4种性能优异的DESs,并对其物理性质进行表征。其次,以提取效果最好的氯化胆碱/尿素DES为溶剂,通过改变单一变量优化提取效果,在含水量30%、提取时间45 min、固液比1∶50 g/mL、提取温度60 ℃的条件下,总黄酮、总槲皮素、槲皮苷的提取得率分别为72.32 mg/g、12.97 mg/g、10.06 mg/g,提取效果优于传统有机溶剂。最后,通过SEM和XRD结果说明在提取过程中野菊花的晶体结构无明显变化,DES对野菊花表面的木质素有溶解作用,使其具有更强的细胞破壁效果,导致黄酮类化合物更易溶出。  相似文献   
10.
近年来,低共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvents,DESs)技术在木质纤维素原料的经济绿色预处理和高值化利用领域发展迅速,展现出良好的应用前景。本文重点综述了DESs在该领域的研究进展,并讨论了DESs在木质纤维生物质预处理和高值转化过程中需要注意的问题及未来发展方向。  相似文献   
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