载荷影响下的机电阻抗协整结构损伤识别方法

高频机电阻抗(electromechanical impedance, 简称EMI)方法利用粘贴在结构表面的压电传感器(piezoelectric transducer, 简称PZT)进行主动激励，通过连续监测和分析PZT机电导纳信号的变化评估结构的健康状态；然而EMI方法容易受到环境工况变化的影响，导致结构损伤的误报。针对此问题，采用时间序列协整方法处理及消除结构工作载荷对阻抗谱特征信号的影响。该方法是基于结构动荷载作用下PZT阻抗谱导纳信号的非平稳特征，将动荷载影响下的阻抗谱非平稳时间序列经线性组合变换成平稳时间序列，根据得到的协整余量序列有效判断结构的健康状态。为验证该方法的有效性，开展了动应力影响下铝梁结构的螺栓松动损伤识别实验。结果表明，协整消除了动态应力对EMI方法的影响，当铝梁内存在持续变化的应力时，仍可以准确识别螺栓松动。机电阻抗协整方法能够消除结构健康监测中荷载作用的影响，及时准确地进行结构损伤识别。     

渝东南盆缘转换带常压页岩气储层非均质性特征及主控因素

四川盆地东南部及其盆缘转换带(以下简称渝东南盆缘转换带)页岩气资源量较大,但其地质条件复杂、地层呈常压特征,给页岩气的经济开发带来了困难。为了深入认识该区页岩气储层的非均质性,借助X射线衍射、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附等手段,从岩石骨架、储集空间的角度研究了该区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层的非均质性及其主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)该转换带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层非均质性主要表现在骨架非均质性和孔隙非均质性两个方面,优质页岩层段与上覆页岩段在脆性矿物含量、黏土矿物含量、有机质丰度、孔隙度等方面差异较大,具有较强的纵向非均质性;(2)储层发育有机质孔、脆性矿物孔、裂缝等多种储集空间类型,并且孔隙在形态、分布、孔径、结构特征方面的差异明显,具有较强的微观非均质性;(3)页岩岩石物理参数泊松比、杨氏模量也相应表现出较大的差异;(4)页岩气储层非均质性的主控因素是沉积环境差异导致的岩石骨架变化,构造缝及其多向性增强了储层的非均质性,成岩作用进一步改变了骨架矿物和有机质的含量,对孔隙类型及结构产生影响,进一步加剧了页岩储层的非均质性。结论认为,龙一下亚段应为该区下一步页岩气开发的首选目的层系,平面上以远离构造相对活动带和深大断裂为宜,区块上优选南川区块。     

Dielectric properties and electromagnetic interference shielding studies of nickel oxide and tungsten oxide reinforced polyvinylchloride nanocomposites

ABSTRACT

Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/nickel oxide (NiO)/tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanocomposite films were prepared via solution casting technique. The crystallinity, morphology, and the analysis of dispersion state of PVC/NiO/WO₃ nanocomposite was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric studies of nanocomposite films were investigated and a maximum dielectric constant of 2.3 with dielectric loss (tan δ) of 2.4 was attained. The EMI shielding studies were carried out in the X and Ku-band frequency range (8 GHz-18 GHz). The maximum SE of 15.78 dB in X-band and 12.05 dB in Ku-band was achieved for 75/20/5 compositions of the PVC/NiO/WO₃ nanocomposite.     

Dynamic mechanical analysis and broadband electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid)-titanium dioxide nanoparticles based tertiary nanocomposites

ABSTRACT

Novel tertiary nanocomposite films comprising of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NP_S) were prepared using simple solvent casting method. The structural, thermal, morphological, thermo-mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films were investigated. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films in the X and Ku band was found to be 12 dB and 13 dB respectively at 25 wt% TiO₂ NPs loading. These results demonstrate the possible applications of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films as low cost, lightweight and flexible material for EMI shielding.     

Modeling for the electromagnetic properties and EMI shielding of Cf/mullite composites in the gigahertz range

The electromagnetic properties and EMI shielding effectiveness of C_f/mullite composites via the spark plasma sintering were intensively investigated in the gigahertz range (8.2–12.4 GHz). Experimental results have revealed excellent electromagnetic properties and a high value of EMI shielding effectiveness (nearly 40 dB) for C_f/mullite composites with 1.65 vol% carbon fillers at thickness of 2 mm. We quantitatively characterize the contributions of microstructural features to overall EMI shielding effectiveness using a micromechanics-based homogenization model. The EMI shielding effectiveness enhances with respect to the C_f volume concentration before the threshold. The increasing trend of EMI shielding effectiveness with respect to AC (alternating current) frequency can be attributed to enhanced conductivity at high gigahertz range. It is demonstrated that filler and frequency dependent interface effects are essential to obtain excellent electromagnetic properties of C_f/mullite composite. The present research can provide guidances for the design of ceramic-based composites applied in high-temperature EMI shielding devices.     

Morphology,mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐ran‐butylene‐b‐styrene)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: effects of maleic anhydride,carbon nanotube loading and processing method

Nanocomposites based on poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐ran‐butylene‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (SEBS/CNT) as well as SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐MA)/CNT were successfully prepared for electromagnetic shielding applications. Both SEBS/CNT and SEBS‐MA/CNT nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding and were post‐processed using two different techniques: tape extrusion and compression moulding. The different nanocomposites were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and rheological analysis. Their mechanical properties, electrical properties (10^-2–10⁵ Hz) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (8.2–12.4 GHz) were also evaluated. The results showed that the CNT loading amount, the presence of MA in the matrix and the shaping technique used strongly influence the final morphologies and properties of the nanocomposites. Whilst the nanocomposite containing 8 wt% CNTs prepared by compression moulding presented the highest electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (with a value of 56.73 dB, which corresponds to an attenuation of 99.9996% of the incident radiation), the nanocomposite containing 5 wt% CNTs prepared by tape extrusion presented the best balance between electromagnetic and mechanical properties and was a good candidate to be used as an efficient flexible electromagnetic interference shielding material. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种射频抗电磁干扰的矿用红外温度传感器

设计了一种适用于复杂条件下实施井下温度探测的射频式红外温度传感器。借助于光学系统、光电探测器实时感应井下温度并提取温度信号,同时在DC-DC电源隔离模块中实施EMI滤波以抗电磁干扰,处理后的信号经过A/D转换、运算器放大后显示在LCD上,实施读取数据并记录在传感器的存储片上,实现了矿井复合灾害条件下的温度测试,测试精度控制在±2%。     

渝东南盆缘转换带龙马溪组页岩气散失过程、能力及其主控因素

研究页岩气的散失过程、散失能力及其控制因素对于揭示页岩气的成藏机理、指导页岩气的勘探选区等都具有重要的现实意义。为此,以四川盆地东南部及其盆缘转换带(以下简称渝东南盆缘转换带)下志留统龙马溪组页岩为例,通过现场解吸实验模拟页岩气散失过程,并借助X射线衍射分析、有机碳含量测试、低温氮气吸附实验、等温吸附实验、扫描电镜观察等室内研究手段,定性分析页岩气的散失过程,定量评价页岩气的散失能力,并在此基础上探讨影响页岩气散失能力的主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)该转换带龙马溪组上、下段页岩的页岩气散失过程存在着明显的差异,后者的散失能力明显低于前者;(2)页岩气散失能力主要由温度、压力及岩石属性等决定,其中温度、压力是最主要的外在因素;(3)有机质含量是决定页岩气散失能力的最主要内在控制因素,随有机质含量的增加,页岩比表面积增大、吸附能力增强,页岩气散失能力降低;(4)页岩气散失能力在一定程度上受到岩石矿物成分和孔隙结构的影响,石英含量、黄铁矿含量与散失能力呈负相关关系,长石含量与散失能力呈正相关关系,碳酸盐矿物含量和黏土矿物含量与散失能力之间的相关性不明显。     

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.