正交译码接口电路的原理与设计

介绍了正交译码接口电路的工作原理，分析了数字延迟噪声滤波器、四倍频正交译码器、抑制逻辑等单元逻辑状态，提出了正交译码接口电路在数字闭环运动控制系统和数字数据输入系统的设计方案。     

NeurIPS 2020观察与分析

神经信息处理系统大会（Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,NeurIPS）是机器学习领域的顶级会议,在中国计算机学会（China Computer Federation,CCF）推荐国际学术会议中被评为人工智能领域的A类会议,一直广受关注。NeurIPS 2020收到了创纪录的9 467篇投稿,最终录用1 898篇论文。收录的论文涵盖了人工智能的各种主题,包括深度学习及其应用、强化学习与规划、纯理论研究、概率方法、优化及机器学习与社会等。本文回顾了NeurIPS 2020的亮点及论文录用情况,详细解读了特邀报告、最佳论文、口头报告及部分海报论文,希望能帮助读者快速了解NeurIPS 2020的盛况。     

Comparison of ISO 14902:2001 with AOCS Ba 12a-2020 for determining trypsin inhibitor activity in protein products

For measuring trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), there are two major official methods: American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) method Ba 12a-2020 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14902:2001. The former was recently approved. The two methods differ in sample preparation, extraction, colorimetric assay systems and TIA calculations. In this study, the two methods were symmetrically compared using three unique sets of samples: assorted protein products of soybeans, pulses, and grains; soybeans boiled for varied durations; and soy white flakes toasted for varied durations. For given samples, significant differences existed in TIA measured by the two methods, resulting from effects related to the assay systems and TIA calculations, not from the difference in sample preparation and extraction. When the same trypsin was used, TIA (in mg trypsin inhibited/g sample) measured by the two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.9973, n = 27), giving an equation of y = 0.5464x − 0.4887, where y represents ISO values and x for AOCS values. The line connecting ratios of ISO/AOCS in TIA and AOCS values remained relatively flat around 0.53 but started to curve down when TIA approached the lowest. Furthermore, for the same samples, TIA values measured by the ISO method decreased with increasing specific activity of trypsin used, while AOCS values remained consistent, leading to decreasing ratios of ISO/AOCS. Therefore, accurate and direct comparison of the two methods was impossible. It could not be resolved by simply changing ISO method's calculations as hypothesized earlier. Regardless, for most samples, ISO values were roughly about 55% of AOCS values.     

Single display gamut size metric

To measure the relative gamut sizes of wide‐gamut displays, it is herein proposed that the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram be used rather than the nominally perceptually uniform CIE 1976 u′v′ chromaticity diagram. High correlations were found between the area‐coverage ratios in the xy diagram and the volume‐coverage ratios in the CIE 1976 L^*a^*b^* color space for major standard wide‐gamut color spaces. It is also demonstrated herein that performing planimetry in the uniform u′v′ diagram does not yield accurate relative display gamut sizes, even though the large sizes obtained using the u′v′ diagram are often reported regardless of the fact that its uniformity is valid only when the luminance factor is constant. The single display gamut size metric using the xy diagram will facilitate the unbiased development of wide‐gamut displays.     

Analysis of standard chromaticity gamut area metrics

It is herein proposed to measure display gamut sizes by employing the International Telecommunication Union—Radiocommunication Sector Recommendation BT.2020 (Rec. 2020) area‐coverage ratios in the xy chromaticity diagram rather than the standard gamut area metrics that use the horseshoe‐shaped spectrum chromaticity area as the target in the u′v′ chromaticity diagram. It is more reasonable to use the Rec. 2020 gamut than the spectrum gamut as the target because the Rec. 2020 area‐coverage ratios in the xy diagram are better correlated than the spectrum area‐coverage ratios with the volume‐coverage ratios of object color gamuts that are visually significant in displaying natural scenes.     

僵尸网络的危害及其应对策略

僵尸网络（Botnet）是一种从传统的恶意代码进化而来的新型的攻击方式。为攻击者提供了隐匿、灵活、且高效的一对多的命令与控制机制。可控制僵尸主机实施DDoS攻击、垃圾邮件发送,窃取敏感信息等攻击。Botnet正处于快速发展时期,对网络安全构成了越来越大的威胁,对中国造成的危害尤为严重,由Botnet发起攻击的破坏性非常惊人。介绍了Botnet的危害及应对Botnet的措施。     

僵尸网络综述

僵尸网络（Botnet）是由Bot组成的可通信、可被攻击者控制的网络。Botnet对今天网络构成越来越大的威胁，由于组成Botnet的主机数量非常庞大，由Botnet发起的攻击的破坏性非常惊人。介绍了Botnet的定义、历史及所带来的危害，同时介绍了研究Botnet的方法，并给出了应对Botnet的措施，最后简要地论述和分析了Botnet的变化趋势。     

Status and perspectives of renewable energy policy and deployment in the European Union—What is needed to reach the 2020 targets?

This article evaluates the status of current RES deployment, policies and barriers in the EU-27 member states and compares it to the required to meet the 2020 targets. The evaluation relies strongly on the quantitative deployment status and policy effectiveness indicators. European RES deployment and policy has progressed strongly in recent years, but the growth here has been mainly driven by effective policies in a small or medium number of top runner countries. Across Europe, the highest average policy effectiveness over six years was reached for onshore wind (4.2%), biofuels (3.6%) and biomass electricity (2.7%), while in the heat sector, all technologies score below 2%. Comparing the recent progress to the required growth for meeting the 2020 target, it appears that some countries largely exceed the interim targets of the RES Directive 2009/28/EC. Despite this, Europe will need additional policy effort to reach the 2020 target. Critical success factors include implementing effective and efficient policies that attract sufficient investments, reducing administrative and grid related barriers, especially in currently less advanced countries, upgrading the power grid infrastructure, dismantling financial barriers in the heat sector, realising sustainability standards for biomass, and lowering energy demand through increased energy efficiency efforts.     

基于语义覆盖网络的信息组织与服务体系框架

针对广域网络环境下面向用户需求的信息服务要求,本文设计了一种基于语义覆盖网络的信息组织与服务体系框架。该框架充分考虑用户的信息需求与信息体系,提供了一种趋于扁平化的信息共享与服务环境。该框架通过自底向上和自顶向下相结合的信息组织模式,在信息资源中心完成基于语义的信息整合与组织的基础上采用基于语义相似度聚类的语义覆盖网络,提供基于语义的信息资源发布、发现与定位的能力。