用钛酸正丁酯合成钛交联层柱蒙脱土的研究

以提纯钠化后的精制钠基膨润土为基质(d_(001)=1.28 nm),以钛酸正丁酯[Ti(n-C_4H_9O)_4]为钛源,制备了一系列钛交联层柱蒙脱土(Ti-PILCs)；并对Ti/土比、H/Ti(摩尔比)等主要合成条件进行了考察。XRD检测结果表明,当Ti/土=15 mmol/g,H/Ti=2.5 mol/mol,c(HCl)=5 mol/L,室温下交联,可制得层间距d_(001)值达3.59 nm的Ti-PILCs,且比表面可达409.1 m~2/g。     

Electromigration of sodium ions and electro-osmotic flow in water-saturated, compacted Na-montmorillonite

Sodium ions spiked with ²²Na as a tracer were migrated by electromigration and electro-osmosis in the water-saturated compacted Na-montmorillonite at dry densities 1.0×10³ kg m⁻³, under an electric potential gradient. Dissolved helium was also migrated by electro-osmosis in the montmorillonite. After migration, concentration profiles of the sodium ions and helium were obtained by γ-spectrometry and mass-spectrometric methods, respectively. From the profiles of both chemical species, not only migration due to electrokinetic phenomena but also mechanical dispersion was observed in the montmorillonite. The dispersion coefficients, D_i, and apparent migration rates, U_i^a, of ²²Na and helium were found in the compacted Na-montmorillonite at 1.0×10³ kg m⁻³. The migration of helium in the montmorillonite under an electric potential gradient reflects that of water because helium migrates as an electrically neutral species. The parameters D_He^m, U_He^a, and α_He correspond to those of water. The mechanical dispersion coefficients, D_Na^m, of ²²Na⁺ ions are much smaller than those of water obtained by helium. The dispersivity parameters, α_Na, for ²²Na⁺ obtained from these D_Na and U_Na^a values are 10⁻⁵ m and those for water (α_He) are 10⁻³ m. This indicates that ²²Na⁺ ions migrate in different spaces than water in the compacted montmorillonite under a potential gradient. This finding suggests that the migration of Na⁺ ions occurs in the interlayer and/or on the outer surfaces of the montmorillonite; whereas dissolved helium migrates in the pore water.     

从天然膨润土制备钠基蒙脱石催化剂载体

以云南砚山膨润土为初始原料,通过提纯与钠化改型制备钠基蒙脱石催化剂载体。探讨了钠化剂种类与用量、钠化温度、钠化时间及精制钙基土悬浮液浓度对改型效果的影响,获得了优化的钠化改型条件,并通过X射线衍射分析测定了膨润土原矿、精制钙基土和钠化改型膨润土d(001)晶面间距。结果表明,NaF改型效果明显优于NaCl,以提纯后精土质量5%的NaF在60℃下对精制钙基膨润土钠化改型5h,可以得到钠基蒙脱石催化剂载体,其层间距为1.28nm,阳离子交换容量达87.3mmol/100g。     

Adsorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and organic substances

Clays (especially montmorillonite and bentonite) are widely used as barriers in landfills to prevent contamination of subsoil and groundwater by leachates containing heavy metals. For this reason it is important to study the adsorption of metals by these clays. The sorption of seven metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) on Na-montmorillonite was studied as a function of pH and in the presence of ligands, forming complexes of different stabilities with the metals of interest. The continuous column method was used as it better simulates natural conditions. The total capacity of Na-montmorillonite towards these metals was determined. The pH variations influence to a higher extent the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cd in the effluent. Moreover the results suggest that complex formation hinders the sorption of the metals on the clay, with an increasing influence in the order: Mn < or = Pb < or = Cd < or = Zn < Ni < Cu < Cr. The evaluation of the total capacity of Na-montmorillonite shows that this clay is a good sorbent towards all examined metals.     

丙酮对Ti-PILCs合成实验条件的影响

以钠基蒙脱石为基质材料、钛酸丁酯为钛源,在Ti/蒙脱土=15mmol/g、H/Ti=2 5mol/moL、HCl=5mol/L的条件下,以不同体积比的丙酮与水的混合溶液为溶剂制得了钛交联蒙脱土纳米复合材料(Ti PILCs)。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和N2 吸附脱附实验对材料进行表征。结果表明:V水∶V丙酮=1∶2时,层间距达3 .37nm,比表面达389 .1m2 /g,产率为未加丙酮时的2 3倍。说明在Ti PILCs制备过程中,丙酮的加入对蒙脱土层间引入较大粒径的钛聚合羟基阳离子,促进钛聚合羟基阳离子与钠离子交换是有利的。     

湿法球磨改性蒙脱土及其稳定液体石蜡/水Pickering乳液的制备

以钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,采用湿法球磨法制备双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)插层的改性蒙脱土(DDA-MMT),并在超声作用下乳化液体石蜡制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过XRD、TEM、FT-IR、接触角测量仪和Zeta电位及激光粒度仪对DDA-MMT进行了表征。考察了DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度、水相p H和离子强度对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在球磨机械力作用下DDAB成功插入Na-MMT的片层间,使Na-MMT的平均粒径、Zeta电位和三相接触角分别由910.7 nm,-26.8 m V和121.7°变为603.8 nm,38.3 m V和86.9°。与Na-MMT颗粒相比,DDA-MMT颗粒更容易在油/水界面间聚集而具有更好的乳化稳定性。随着DDA-MMT颗粒质量浓度的增大,Pickering乳液液滴粒径减小,乳液体积分数增大,稳定性增强。当水相p H=6.26~8.36,c(Na Cl)=20 mmol/L时,由DDA-MMT颗粒乳化制备的Pickering乳液稳定性较佳。     

醋酸洗必泰改性蒙脱土抗菌复合物的制备及抗菌性能

采用离子交换法将醋酸洗必泰交换到钠基蒙脱土的层间得到醋酸洗必泰/蒙脱土抗菌复合物, 并对醋酸洗必泰/蒙脱土的结构和性能进行了研究.通过FTIR、XRD、TG对所合成的结果表明,醋酸洗必泰已插入蒙脱土的层间,并且醋酸洗必泰/蒙脱土抗菌复合物热分解起始温度为218℃, 具有较好的热稳定性.抗菌试验结果表明,醋酸洗必泰/ 蒙脱土抗菌复合物具有良好的抗菌性能,文中还研究了醋酸洗必泰/ 蒙脱土的抗菌活性,发现其对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为50μg/mL,6.25μg/ml,具有良好的抗菌性能和比较广的抗菌谱.     

Preparation and Photochemical Behavior of a Cationic Azobenzene Dye-Montmorillonite Intercalation Compound

Montmorillonite/cationic azobenzene dye（p-（δ-triethylammoniobutoxy）-p＇-methyl- azobenzene bromide） intercalation compounds were prepared by the conventional ion exchange method. As compared with that of pure cationic azo-dye, the thermal stability of the intercalated dye was greatly enhanced, and the absorption band corresponding to azobenzene group in intercalated dye shifted towards longer wave length by 38 nm. This could be ascribed to the strong conjugation of cationic azo-dye supramolecular order structure（J cluster） confined in a nanoscale space of montmorillonite interlayer gallery. UV/vis spectra data show that the intercalated azo dye in the montmorillonite interlayer space exhibited reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization and daylight cis-to-trans back reaction. FTIR indicates the successful intercalation of cationic azo-dye into the montmorillonite interlayer.     

TiO_2/蒙脱土复合光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

以碳酸钠钠化改性后的钠基蒙脱土为载体原料,以钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇分别为前驱体和溶剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同pH柱化剂及不同钛土比的TiO2/MMT复合光催化剂,通过XRD、Uv-vis、FT-IR和SEM等测试手段研究其微观结构和光谱学性能,并以甲基橙溶液为目标污染物测试其光催化性能。结果表明,蒙脱土复合于TiO2,而且蒙脱土的复合有效抑制TiO2晶型的转变和晶粒尺寸的增大,其中柱化剂pH值为2和钛土比为1 mol/g时复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的降解率最大,可达96.36%。