乳胶厚度对卤化银反射全息图衍射特性的影响

实验研究了自制的超细颗粒卤化银乳剂SDUF－1分别在AAC显影、改进的R－10漂白处理及改进的GP－8溶解物理显影处理条件下，其乳胶厚度对反射全息图衍射特性的影响。实验结果表明，在这两种不同处理条件下衍射效率与胶厚的关系有相当大的差别，合适的乳胶厚度分别为12μm和6μm左右。     

Characterization of the flow behaviour of sausage emulsions with a simple tube viscometer

A specially designed tube viscometer was used to measure apparent viscosity during flow of Bologna type sausage emulsions moving through a pipe. Emulsions varied in fat content (from 21.8 to 44.3%) and in moisture/protein ratio (from 3.7 to 5.6), and the effects of added sodium chloride, sodium diphosphate, starch and blood plasma were investigated in a 36% fat, 3.7 moisture/protein emulsion.
The shear stresses determined as a function of shear rate were fitted by a power law. Yield stress of the emulsions was negligible relative to the applied stress. However, inspection of the flow profiles indicated that considerable slip of the sausage emulsion occurred at the pipe wall. Both emulsion flow and slip contribute to overall flow behaviour, so a kind of effective viscosity is determined. Intrinsic rheological properties and wall slip will both be affected by the composition of the sausage emulsion.     

氧化石墨烯/石蜡复合相变乳液的制备及对流传热特性

为提高石蜡相变乳液的传热性能，通过添加氧化石墨烯(GO)，制备了GO/石蜡复合相变乳液并对其相关性能进行了表征。搭建了流动阻力、对流换热试验台，对比研究了石蜡相变乳液及GO/石蜡复合相变乳液的流动阻力特性和对流换热特性，试验结果表明，由于GO的亲水性，复合相变乳液都表现出较好的稳定性。当GO的质量分数为0.01％、0.02％、0.03％时，复合相变乳液的热导率分别增加了20.01％、30.50％、35.18％。添加GO使乳液的流动阻力略有增加，直管段最大增加了6.70%，90°弯管处最大增加了13.20%；对流传热系数随着GO浓度的增加而增大，当GO浓度为0.03％时，对流传热系数最大提高了43.90％。     

Controlled coagulation of emulsion polymers

Coagulation of latex particles is most often carried out in the diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) regime where the time for coagulation to take place is on the millisecond timescale. This process produces aggregates of low density, irregular shape, and a broad particle size distributions. When the coagulation is carried out in the reaction limited aggregation (RLA) regime, a coagulation time of about 1–120 sec, the system can be controlled by mixing to yield dense, spheroidal aggregates with a very narrow particle size distribution. The important variables in the RLA process for butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate (BA/MMA) latexes were found to be mixing intensity, latex copolymer composition, and coagulation temperature. Dried aggregates formed in the RLA process were found to have excellent powder flow properties and low dustiness.     

油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能

采用吸附材料进行油水分离是经济且非常有效的方法。吸附材料主要有无机材料、合成高分子材料和天然有机纤维材料等。相比较而言，天然有机纤维材料为可再生生物质资源，来源广泛、生物降解性好，可有效防止二次污染，具有良好的发展潜力，备受关注。本文首先简要介绍了油水乳液稳定性的影响因素，然后综述了油水分离材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能等研究进展，并总结了油水乳液分离材料的表征及其分离性能的评价指标。特别地，重点总结了天然有机纤维基吸附材料分离油水乳液的研究进展。最后指出研究智能响应型天然有机纤维基油水乳液分离吸附材料是重要的发展方向。     

Films formed from polystyrene latex/clay composites: A fluorescence study

This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature (t₃) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (I_s) and fluorescence intensity (I_p) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I_tr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum film formation temperature, T_q, and healing temperatures, T_h, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films.     

THE INFLUENCE OF HELICAL FLOW ON WATER FUEL EMULSION PREPARATION

This study presents a method of preparing simple and multiple emulsions formed in a liquid-liquid contactor with Couette-Taylor flow (CTF). A Couette-Taylor flow contactor represents a mini-channel device, and due to its small dimension can be connected to a diesel engine for just-prepared emulsion injection. Stable simple W/O and multiple O/W/O emulsions have been prepared, both with quite narrow drop size distribution. The mean drop size of the inner phase of multiple emulsions is in range of 2-10 μm depending on the operating conditions. Simple and multiple emulsions will be considered as an alternative diesel fuel for improving engine performance and emissions characteristics.     

Rapid preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres based on UV-curing-assisted molding

Ceramic microspheres have attracted significant attention, while the preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity, good sphericity, and controllable size or shape in a short time remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a highly adaptable methodology for the preparation hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity and favorable shape in a short time. The UV-curing assisted molding method combined with the Pickering emulsion method was utilized to prepare hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres. Under the irradiation of a UV-curing lamp (395 nm, 50 W), the Pickering emulsion can be cured within as short as 10 s. The microstructures of the three microspheres with different shapes were characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The as-prepared microspheres had a high sphericity, the interconnectivity of pores was as high as 54 %, and its porosity was as high as 73.4 % ± 3.0 %, while the density was quite low at ∼ 1.02 g/cm³.     

Development of a water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion system integrating biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanodroplets for protein entity stabilization. Part II: process and product characterization

The aqueous-core enclosed in lipid nanoballoons integrating multiple emulsions of the type water-in-oil-in-water mimic, at least in theory, the environment within viable cells, thus being suitable for housing hydrophilic protein entities such as bioactive proteins, peptides and bacteriophage particles. This study reports a complete physicochemical characterization of optimized biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons housing hydrophilic (BSA) protein entities, evolved from a statistical 2³×3¹ factorial design study (three variables at two levels and one variable at three levels) that was the subject of the first paper of a series of three, aiming at complete stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of protein entities attempted via housing the said molecular entities within biomimetic aqueous-core lipid nanoballoons integrating a multiple (W/O/W) emulsion. The statistical factorial design followed led to the production of an optimum W/O/W multiple emulsion possessing quite homogeneous particles with an average hydrodynamic size of (186.2?±?2.6) nm and average Zeta potential of (?36.5?±?0.9) mV, and exhibiting a polydispersity index of 0.206?±?0.014. Additionally, the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient of the lipid nanoballoons integrating the optimized W/O/W multiple emulsion were comparable and of the same order of magnitude (10^?12 m² s^?1) as those published by other authors since, typically, diffusion coefficients for molecules range from 10^?10 to 10^?7 m² s^?1, but diffusion coefficients for nanoparticles are typically of the order of magnitude of 10^?12 m² s^?1.