Hybrid power generation system of solar energy and fuel cells

This paper introduces the methods of integration of solar energy and low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells. On the one hand, we design the system that integrates the solar photovoltaic cells and fuel cells. On the other hand, solar energy is concentrated to heat up the fuel cell and supply the working temperature at hundreds Celsius degrees by Fresnel lens. Then the fuel conversion efficiency is increased because of gain from the solar energy. Moreover, integration of solar thermal energy power system with the fuel is a good method for resolving the instability of solar energy. CHP (combined heat and power) is another aspect to enhance the design hybrid system overall efficiency. Finally, we present a novel device but built on different scientific principle. It can convert solar energy and chemical energy of fuel to electric energy simultaneously within the same device to integrated solar cell and fuel cell from the device level. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固体氧化物燃料电池连接材料的研究进展

平板型燃料电池是固体电解质燃料电池的主要构成方式，而连接材料的研究是平板型燃料电池实用化研究的关键技术之一。本文简要介绍了连接材料的特点和主要存在的问题及今后的研究重点。     

多孔La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ的制备及表征

多孔Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４Ｃｏ０．２Ｆｅ０．８Ｏ３－δ陶瓷具有一定的强度、良好的透气和电传导性能，可用于中温ＳＯＦＣ阴极支撑和氧分离膜活性支撑体。本文用固相反应法制备了多孔Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４Ｃｏ０．２Ｆｅ０．８Ｏ３－δ陶瓷。考察了烧结条件１成型压力有机添加剂量对孔隙率和孔径的影响，研究发现气体渗透随机孔隙率线性增长，电导率随孔隙率的增大而下降，并满足关系式σ＝σ０（１－Ｐ）＾３．１。     

固体氧化物燃料电池中的电解质

综述了固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）中固体电解质的研究概况，分析了ZrO2基、CeO2基、Bi2O3基固体电解质和掺杂的LaGaO3为代表的钙钛矿结构的固体电解质的优缺点以及作为SOFC电解质存在的问题，中低温度下稳定的高离子电导率的固体电解质的研制开发及固体电解质的薄膜化研究是降低S0FC工作温度的两个重要途径。     

用涂布共烧结法制备固体氧化物燃料电池

以８％Ｙ２Ｏ３稳定的超细ＺｒＯＺ２（８ＹＳＺ）粉末为固体电解质材料，以喷雾热解法制备的超细Ｌａ０．８Ｓｒ１－ｘＭｎＯ３、（２０ＬＳＭ）粉末为空气极电极材料，以ＮｉＯ／８ＹＳＺ粉末为燃料电极原料，采用浆料涂层共烧结法制备电极薄膜，并组装了固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）。在Ｈ２－Ｎｉ－８ＹＳＺ－２０ＬＳＨ－Ａｉｒ体系中，分别测定了８００℃用１０００℃时的开路电压及电池Ⅰ—Ⅴ特性曲线。     

甲烷在固体氧化物燃料电池阳极氧化性能研究

报告了甲烷在固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）阳极直接氧化的实验结果。试验表明，甲烷在阳极的氧化过程存在多种反应机制，反应机制取决于电池工作温度和反应空速等。随着温度的升高，甲烷转化率提高，Ｈ２和ＣＯ生成量也不断增加。在ＳＯＦＣ中甲烷不是按完全氧化反应方式进行，而是部分氧化反应过程。随着反应空速的增大，甲烷转化量及Ｈ２和ＣＯ的生成量呈下降趋势。研究发现，干甲烷气作为燃料时，阳极表面可能产生积碳。当电池中通入氧气或水蒸汽时可以消除积碳。在考察ＮＥＭＣＡ效应对ＳＯＦＣ电性能的影响时发现，当外加与电池内部电场同向的电场时，能促进Ｏ２－溢流到阳极表面，改变催化剂的表面功函，改善ＳＯＦＣ电性能。     

High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFC)

The history and the state of the art of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC)is reviewed in this paper.Itdescribes mainly on the material selection,structure design and technological economics of SOFC.The appli-cation of great amount of rare earth materials in SOFC may well extend the market potential of rare earthmaterials in the world.A research project to be carried out as early as possible in China on the SOFC tech-nology will be far-reaching.     

CeO_2基体掺杂材料及其在SOFC中的应用

氧化铈(Ce O2)基体掺杂材料作为电解质基体材料而被广泛应用于中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中。不同的金属元素掺杂Ce O2会表现出不同的优良性质。就碱土金属掺杂、稀土金属掺杂、碱金属掺杂和其他过渡金属掺杂Ce O2材料表现出的共性和特性,及其对固体氧化物燃料电池的性能影响进行了详细的介绍。     

Design of industrially scalable microtubular solid oxide fuel cells based on an extruded support

The current work describes the adaptation of an existing lab-scale cell production method for an anode supported microtubular solid oxide fuel cell to an industrially ready and easily scalable method using extruded supports. For this purpose, Ni–YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) anode is firstly manufactured by Powder Extrusion Moulding (PEM). Feedstock composition, extruding parameters and binder removal procedure are adapted to obtain the tubular supports. The final conditions for this process were: feedstock solid load of 65 vol%; a combination of solvent debinding in heptane and thermal debinding at 600 °C. Subsequently, the YSZ electrolyte layer is deposited by dip coating and the sintering parameters are optimized to achieve a dense layer at 1500 °C during 2 h. For the cathode, an LSM (lanthanum strontium manganite)–YSZ layer with an active area of ∼1 cm² is deposited by dip coating. Finally, the electrochemical performance of the cell is measured using pure humidified hydrogen as fuel. The measured power density of the cell at 0.5 V was 0.7 W cm⁻² at 850 °C.     

Study of a SOFC with a bimetallic Cu–Co–ceria anode directly fuelled with simulated biogas mixtures

The present work is focused in the study of the bimetallic Cu–Co formulation combined with CeO₂ as SOFC anode, at 750 °C, direct feed of methane and two different fuel mixtures that simulate biogas. Additionally, the sulphur tolerance of new anode material has been evaluated. Its single cell evaluation, based on a samaria doped ceria (SDC) solid electrolyte and a LSM perovskite cathode, together with the electrochemical characterisation and catalytic activity tests, have allowed to demonstrate the ability of this material to operate directly with simulated biogas mixtures without loss of single cell performance due to the formation of carbon deposits or sulphur anode poisoning. The activity of this material for the exothermic oxidation of methane reduces the energy requirement of the endothermic internal methane reforming process. The cobalt doping of basic copper–ceria formulation enhanced sulphur and carbon coking tolerance of the SOFC anode material.