室内空气TVOC浓度检测及其影响因素

介绍了室内空气中TVOC的检测原理和方法。使用GC-112A型气相色谱仪配HD-D型热解析装置进行空气中TVOC检测,通过对标准样品的分析来验证本检测方法的准确性,最后分析了影响其浓度检测准确性的因素。     

室内空气中VOC现场快速检测方法研究

对基于PID原理的VOC快速检测仪测定室内空气中总挥发性有机物进行了深入的研究,探讨了快检仪测定VOCs的特点和优势。分别采用已知组分的VOC标准气体和现场采样分析,对两种VOC测定方法的测定结果进行了比较研究,得出比值R的范围,提出VOCs表观浓度的概念,对进一步研究两种方法的可比性提供了可靠的依据。     

全采样气相色谱法分析室内挥发生有害有机物

研究了全采样气相色谱法分析室内挥发性有机物方法.该方法采用SummA罐采集样品,自动进样器进样,三级冷阱预浓缩样品,气相色谱(GC)柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测,并采用自主研制的混合标准气体定性定量分析,从而得到各室内挥发性有害有机物及总挥发性有机物(TVOC)浓度.通过考察方法的检出限、加标回收率、线性范围、准确度、精密度并与国家标准方法比较,证实该方法特性不仅满足方法学要求,而且比国家标准方法优异,适合快速检测室内挥发性有害有机物.     

空气净化器对室内甲醛、氨气和TVOC净化效果的实验研究

在30m3的标准环境试验舱中,将一款空气净化器对甲醛、TVOC和氨气的净化性能进行了测试,计算了该净化器对试验气体的洁净空气量、净化效率和去除率。结果表明,该空气净化器对试验的三种气体均有较好的净化效果。     

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in Indoor Air Quality Investigations*

Abstract The amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air, usually called TVOC (total volatile organic compounds), has been measured using different definitions and techniques which yield different results. This report recommends a definition of TVOC referring to a specified range of VOCs and it proposes a method for the measurement of this TVOC entity. Within the specified range, the measured concentrations of identified VOCs (including 64 target compounds) are summed up, concentrations of non-identified compounds in toluene equivalents are added and, together with the identified VOCs, they give the TVOC value. The report reviews the TVOC concept with respect to its usefulness for exposure assessment and control and for the prediction of health or comfort effects. Although the report concludes that at present it is not possible to use TVOC as an effect predictor, it affirms the usefulness of TVOC for characterizing indoor pollution and for improving source control as required from the points of view of health, comfort, energy efficiency and sustainability.     

内墙涂料中VOCs释放特征研究

利用自行设计的小型环境测试舱,使用热解吸气相色谱跟踪法,研究丙烯酸内墙乳胶漆中VOCs的释放特征.试验结果表明,丙烯酸内墙乳胶漆中的VOCs释放有一定规律性,但在一定条件下,内墙涂料中TVOC在空气中的释放浓度和产品中挥发性有机物的全含量并无明显线性关系.     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ventilating Air in Buildings at Different Sampling Points in the Buildings and their Relationship with the Prevalence of Occupant Symptoms

Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are determined in intake, room-supply and room air in 86 office rooms in 29 office buildings in northern Sweden. Measurements of formaldehyde were also made in room air. Building and room characteristics were identified and symptom reports collected from 1087 office workers. Concentrations of TVOC and formaldehyde in room air were low, with mean values of 71 µg/m³ and 31 µg/m³, respectively. The TVOC concentration was generally lower in room air than in supply air or intake air. The “loss” (difference in measured values) of TVOC from supply to room air was associated with raised concentrations of formaldehyde and raised prevalences of occupant symptoms. High TVOC concentrations in room air were associated with reduced prevalences of occupant symptoms.     

A Study of Human Reactions to Emissions from Building Materials in Climate Chambers. Part II: VOC Measurements,Mouse Bioassay,and Decipol Evaluation in the 1–2 mg/m3 TVOC Range

Monitoring of human reactions to the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from four commonly used building materials was carried out. The building materials were: a painted gypsum board, a rubber floor, a nylon carpet, and a particle board with an acid-curing paint. The exposures were performed in climate chambers. The air quality was quantified on the decipol scale by a trained panel, measurements of formaldehyde and VOC being performed simultaneously. The irritating potency of the materials was measured by a mouse bioassay. The VOC measurements showed several malodorants and irritants. Some abundant VOC identified in the head-space analyses were absent in the climate chamber air. The rubber floor and the nylon carpet exhibited a marked increase in decipols compatible with a number of odorous VOC identified in the air. A high formaldehyde concentration (minimum 743μg/m³) was measured for the particle board coated with an acid-curing paint. This was not reflected by a corresponding relatively high decipol value but a long-lasting irritating potency was observed in the mouse bioassay. TVOC sampled on Tenax and expressed in mass per volume as well as in molar concentration, and decipol evaluation both have limitations and should be used with caution as indicators of (perceived) indoor air quality. Eye irritation expressed by means of the eye index reflecting the tear film quality index (comprised of break-up time, foam formation, thickness of the precorneal lipid layer of the tear film, and epithelial damage) was found to be insensitive to formaldehyde and a VOC mixture but sensitive to TVOC concentrations of 1–2 mg/m³. Lipophilic VOC may be the cause of reduced tear film quality by destabilization of the lipid multilayer of the tear film.     

Indoor VOCs From Household Floor Dust: Comparison of Headspace with Desorbed VOCs; Method for VOC Release Determination

One hundred and eighty eight Volatile organic compound (VOCs) were identified from dust emission, dust headspace, and in air sampling in a residence by sampling on Tenax TA followed by thermal desorption and HRGC/MS . Of these, 83 compounds were found in dust headspace. Aliphatic aldehydes (C_4-8 and octane were major contributors to headspace gas chromatograms while the total ion current response for desorbed VOCs (120° C) was dominated by n-alkanes (C_7-16), n- and branched alkanals (C_4-10 and alkanoic acids (C_2-14). Many of the identified VOCs could be products of microbial or human metabolism. Dust volatiles resulting from desorption were compared w dust headspace VOC analyses and found to be comparable considering the temperature difference. A method for determination of total VOC (TVOC-dust) emission at 120°C, was developed. Variation in desorption TVOC analyses was mainly due to sample heterogeneity.     

室内环境检测仪器比对与能力验证考核结果分析

该实验室参加2008年江苏省全省建筑工程室内环境检测能力验证比对,同时使用两台气相色谱仪、配套不同的热解吸仪进行盲样考核,严格按照国家标准规定的同一种热解吸直接进样法来分析,通过各自的标准曲线来计算各自的盲样考核结果,并比照全省参加能力验证的105家比对结果的中位值,验证两台仪器的准确性以及相互之间的偏差.