Hybrid photocatalytic membranes embedding decatungstate for heterogeneous photooxygenation

The incorporation of decatungstate in polymeric membranes provides new heterogeneous photocatalysts for the oxidation of organic substrates under oxygen atmosphere at 25 °C. Photocatalytic membranes have been prepared yielding polymeric films with a high thermal, chemical and mechanical stability (PVDF, PDMS, Hyflon). Surface spectroscopy techniques including transmittance and reflectance UV-Vis and FT-IR have been used to assess the photocatalyst integrity within the polymeric support. Catalyst screening has been performed under both homogeneous and heterogeneous photooxygenation conditions. The photocatalyst activity has been evaluated in terms of the substrate conversion, turnover numbers, and recycling experiments. A membrane induced selectivity behavior has been evidenced by comparison with homogeneous oxidations.     

A generalized equation for surface tension from the triple point to the critical point

A three-parameter generalized equation is proposed for surface tension from the triple point to the critical point. This equation not only fits the data well but also is good for interpolation between the normal boiling point and the critical point. This equation is also good for extrapolation to the triple point. This equation has been tested using the surface tension of water from the triple point to the critical point. The constants of this equation obtained using orthobaric surface tensions are given for a number of compounds. The isobaric surface tensions determined at a pressure of 1 atm do not differ significantly from the orthobaric surface tensions. Such data also have been used in obtaining equations from the triple to the critical point.Nomenclature T _c Critical temperature, K - T _t Triple point, K - T _m Melting point, K - T _r Reduced temperature, K - X (T _c-T)/T _c - Surface tension, dyne · cm^–1;10^–3N · m^–1 - _m Surface tension at the melting point - _f Surface tension at T _r=0.9 - _t Surface tension at the triple point - Relative deviation 100[ _obsd– _calcd]/ _obsd - Standard deviation [( _obsd– _calcd)²/(No. points—No. parameters)]^0.5     

Tasting green leaf volatiles by larvae and adults of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), are shown to have galeal gustatory cells that are highly sensitive to distillate of potato leaf extracts, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and other saturated and unsaturated six-carbon alcohols. In larvae and adults, the sensory response patterns elicited by leaf homogenate, leaf distillate and a mixture of these two extracts differ in subtle ways. Beetle larvae feed most readily on Millipore disks treated with leaf homogenate and the mixture, but they did not feed on disks treated with leaf distillate. The differences in behavioral response and sensory input are used to derive a potential gustatory code that may stimulate different levels of feeding. This code may be disrupted by compounds present in nonhost leaves, thus leading to reduced feeding. Possible interactions of sapid leaf volatiles, amino acids, sugars, and potentially deterrent plant compounds are discussed.     

Effects of physical refining on contents of waxes and fatty alcohols of refined olive oil

Changes in the contents of waxes and fatty alcohols during deodorization/physical refining of bleached olive oil were studied. Experiments were carried out with 1.85% acidity oil, which was physically refined in a discontinuous deodorizer of 250-kg maximum capacity using nitrogen as stripping gas instead of steam. The variables studied were load and temperature of oil in the deodorizer as well as N₂ flow. Analyses of waxes and alcohols were carried out at different operation times. The maximum content of wax was always observed when the oil reached the deodorization temperature. The variation in the wax content depended on temperature and N₂ flow. Wax decomposition started and continued during the operating time, and a progressive decrease, which was pronounced between 3 and 4 h, was observed. Small changes in waxes were observed between 4 and 5 h. Total content of fatty alcohols diminished throughout the operating time, and changes did not depend on the variables studied.     

Acid-base reactions on model MgO surfaces

Three MgO surfaces of different structures have been employed as models for study of the acid-base properties of MgO. Surface spectroscopies including XPS, UPS, and ISS were used to determine the nature and the absolute coverage of surface intermediates, and the nature of bonding sites upon adsorption of Brønsted acid molecules on these surfaces. Different behavior patterns of the Brønsted acid molecules with varying strengths on the three model surfaces provide insights into the site requirements for dissociation of Brønsted acids on MgO. The base-catalyzed Cannizzaro reaction of formaldehyde was observed on these model surfaces under UHV conditions.     

Chemical Defense in the Plant Bug Lopidea robiniae (Uhler)

Secretions from the metathoracic glands (MTG) of the black locust bug, Lopidea robiniae (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae) contained six major compounds, including (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-octen-1-ol (E)-2-heptenal, and (Z)-3-octen-1-ol. Males and females did not differ significantly in the relative compositions of identified compounds. In feeding trials, six bird species [robin (Turdus migratorious), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and house wren (Troglodytes aedon)] demonstrated feeding aversions towards L. robiniae, implying that black locust bugs are chemically defended. Bugs discharged the liquid contents of their MTG when attacked, thereby producing a strong and distinct odor. Some birds immediately ejected bugs out of their mouth after biting them, suggesting that the MTG secretion was a deterrent.     

拓扑指数X用于脂肪醇的QSPR研究

为了更好地揭示脂肪醇的各种物理化学性质与结构的关系,通过对100余种饱和脂肪醇分子的拓扑结构特点的研究,提出1种新的拓扑指数X,并运用回归分析方法研究了饱和脂肪醇的沸点(BP)、空腔表面积(CSA)、折光指数(n_D)、光离子化灵敏度(SM),半数致死浓度(LC_(50)),疏水性参数(lgP)和味阀值(poL)等多种物理化学性质与拓扑指数X的相关性,建立了定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)模型。结果表明所建立的QSPR模型方程具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,较好地揭示了这些物理化学性质的变化规律。     

化学-酶法动态动力学拆分外消旋仲醇研究进展

介绍了外消旋仲醇动态动力学拆分的反应原理及金属配合物、酸性沸石催化仲醇消旋化反应的机理,论述了近年来过渡金属配合物催化剂、酸性催化剂与固定化脂肪酶结合,进行仲醇动态动力学拆分反应的研究进展。     

燕麦黄酒发酵过程中微生物群落结构变化及对高级醇的影响

燕麦作为一种营养独特的作物,用于酿造黄酒是黄酒酿造研究的一项新的尝试。为进一步探究燕麦黄酒中的高级醇指标、微生物群落结构及其相关性,研究燕麦黄酒特性,本研究应用顶空固相微萃取、气相色谱-质谱联用技术对燕麦黄酒发酵过程中的高级醇变化进行了定量分析,并通过高通量测序检测了燕麦黄酒发酵过程中的微生物群落结构变化。利用统计学原理对高级醇变化与微生物代谢之间的相关性进行预测。燕麦黄酒中共检测到β-苯乙醇、异戊醇等18种高级醇。门水平上,相对丰度最高的细菌和真菌分别是厚壁菌门和子囊菌门;属水平上,相对丰度最高的细菌和真菌分别是乳球菌属和酵母属。高级醇与微生物间共建立869项关联,有297属微生物可能参与高级醇的代谢。本研究表明,以燕麦为原料酿造黄酒不仅可以增加黄酒的品类及原料来源,还可能改善黄酒营养价值;另外,高级醇与微生物之间的关联分析可以预测燕麦黄酒品质特性的生物学机制。     

ATF1过表达和BAT2敲除酿酒酵母发酵性能的研究

以啤酒酵母工业菌株S5为对照,对过表达醇乙酰基转移酶编码基因ATF1同时敲除氨基酸转氨酶编码基因BAT2酿酒酵母工程菌株S5-1进行发酵性能的研究。结果表明,与出发菌株相比,突变株生长状况、发酵速度、酒精度等基本发酵性能没有明显变化,而突变株发酵后的乙酸酯总量有较大程度的提升,为85.44mg/L,提高了6.96倍,高级醇总量有较大程度的下降,为79.25mg/L,降低了27.28%。研究结果为啤酒风味的改善奠定了良好的基础。