西番莲的功能活性成分及加工与综合利用研究进展

文章概述了西番莲功能活性成分、药理活性及加工与综合利用,并分析了研究过程存在的问题,以期为后续的研究及产品开发提供参考。     

沙枣种子总酚抗氧化活性研究

目的研究沙枣种子总酚体外与体内的抗氧化活性。方法体外实验考察了沙枣总酚的还原力,对DPPH·、O_2~-和·OH的清除作用以及对·OH损伤DNA的保护作用等;体内实验中将小鼠随机分为空白组、D-半乳糖模型组(50 mg/kg)、Vc阳性对照组(50 mg/kg),沙枣总酚低(50 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、高(200 mg/kg)剂量组,灌胃给予相应药物2周后采血,幵测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(malondialodehyde,MDA)的含量,综合分析沙枣总酚的体外和体内抗氧化活性。结果沙枣总酚有强的还原能力,对DPPH·、O_2~-和·OH的清除率分别达30.02%、25.91%和38.55%,其浓度与自由基清除活性呈现一定的量效关系;沙枣总酚对·OH引起的DNA损伤具有一定的保护作用。与模型组比较,沙枣总酚能显著提高衰老小鼠血清SOD活力(P0.01),降低血清MDA水平(P0.01)。结论综合体外和体内实验结果,沙枣总酚显示一定的抗氧化作用,有望开发为新的植物抗氧化剂。     

采前氯吡脲处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解的影响

以‘秦美’猕猴桃果实为试材,于盛花期后28 d分别采用0(对照,清水)、5、10、20 mg/L 4个质量浓度的氯吡脲(1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea,CPPU)溶液进行蘸果处理,蘸果时间3～5 s,研究采前CPPU处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解酶活力的影响。结果表明:CPPU处理加速了果实硬度、原果胶和纤维素质量分数的下降,提高了可溶性果胶质量分数及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)、果胶甲酯酶(pectin methylesterase,PME)、纤维素酶(cellulase,Cx)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-D-galaetosidase,β-Gal)细胞壁降解活力。各处理组果实硬度与可溶性果胶质量分数和PG、Cx活力呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与原果胶、纤维素质量分数呈极显著正相关(P0.01);20 mg/L CPPU处理组果实的β-Gal活力与硬度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。CPPU处理提高了果实细胞壁降解酶的活力,促进了细胞壁的降解,加速了贮藏期间果实的软化,降低了果实的耐贮藏性。为维持猕猴桃采后果实硬度,延长贮藏期,生产中不宜使用CPPU处理,或使用的质量浓度不宜超过5 mg/L。     

Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on characteristic and antioxidant properties of soybean protein isolate-maltodextrin conjugates

This study aimed to investigate the effect of limited hydrolysis on conformational and antioxidant properties of soy protein isolate-maltodextrin (SPI-Md) conjugates. Extrinsic fluorescence analysis showed unfolding of the protein molecule and exposure of hydrophobic groups in SPI-Md conjugate hydrolysates. Free amino acid analysis showed that, the contents of hydrophobic amino acids in SPI-Md conjugates increased after hydrolysis. The contents of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine increased from 0.32, 0.30 and 0.54 to 1.36, 1.86 and 2.60, respectively, when the hydrolysis degree (DH) gradually increased from 0% to 5.7%. The FT-IR spectrum showed that C = O absorption of the amide group formed by glycosylation continued unabated after limited hydrolysis (DH 2.9%). The glycated SPI products showed good reducing power and superior resistance to lipid oxidation (34%, 12 mg mL^?1), whereas the limit hydrolysates (DH 2.9%) of SPI-Md conjugates showed more ef?cient radical-scavenging capacity (89.5%, at 12 mg mL^?1) and iron-chelation activity (91.3%, at 12 mg mL^?1). Results of this study indicated that, slight enzymatic hydrolysis (DH 0–2.9%) could help partially unfolding the globular structure of SPI-Md conjugates without deteriorating amide bonds and had a positive effect on their antioxidant properties.     

鲷鱼鳞多肽-木糖美拉德反应产物的制备、结构与功能

探索反应时间、木糖(xylose,Xyl)与鲷鱼鳞多肽(fish scale peptides,FSP)质量比、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度、初始p H值和反应温度对Xyl与FSP美拉德反应的影响,并对在Xyl与FSP质量比1.3∶1、Xyl与FSP总质量浓度78 mg/m L、初始pH 11.85、反应温度100℃、反应时间4.05 h工艺条件下所得产物进行表征。荧光光谱、红外光谱、游离氨基含量以及N-三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳过碘酸Schiff碱染色等结构分析,表明FSP与Xyl经美拉德反应后发生共价交联,肽链结构发生变化且形成了新的化合物;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基、羟自由基以及还原力测定表明,FSP经美拉德反应后抗氧化活性显著增加(P0.05);多酚氧化酶活性测定及苹果褐变实验表明,鲷鱼鳞多肽美拉德反应产物(FSP-MRPs)具有多酚氧化酶抑制活性,其IC_(50)值为0.54 mg/m L,其可能机理为FSP-MRPs具有Cu2+螯合特性,其螯合位点与抗氧化基团密切相关。     

不同品种荔枝果肉细胞抗氧化及抗增殖活性评价

为明确荔枝果肉的生物抗氧化和抗肿瘤保健功能,采用HepG2人肝癌细胞模型对我国南方地区主要种植的10种代表性荔枝品种果肉的细胞抗氧化活性(CAA值)和抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性进行了评价。结果表明,10种荔枝品种中,妃子笑荔枝果肉具有最大的CAA值,淮枝则最小;妃子笑抗HepG2肿瘤细胞增殖活性最强,糯米糍则最弱。荔枝果肉的CAA值与总多酚含量、总黄酮含量、多酚化学抗氧化能力指数(ORAC值)之间都有极显著的正相关性(p0.01),且与黄酮含量之间正相关性最大,说明荔枝果肉中起生物抗氧化作用的主要成分是黄酮类化合物;但荔枝果肉对HepG2肿瘤细胞的抗增殖活性与总多酚含量、总黄酮含量、ORAC和CAA值之间均呈现较弱的负相关性(p0.05),提示某些特殊酚类单体或其协同作用在抗肿瘤细胞增殖过程中发挥主要作用。     

Synthesis,Anticancer Activity,Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Investigations of Falcarindiol Analogues

Forty samples of optically active falcarindiol analogues are synthesized by using the easily available C2 symmetric (R)- and (S)-1,1’-binaphth-2-ol (BINOL) in combination with Ti(OⁱPr)₄, Zn powder and EtI. Their anticancer activities on Hccc-9810, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, Hela, MG-63 and H460 cells are assayed to elucidate their structure-activity relationships. These results showed that the falcarindiol analogue (3R,8S)- 2 i with the terminal double bond has the most potent anti-proliferation effect on Hccc-9810 cells with IC₅₀ value of 0.46 μM. The falcarindiol analogue (3R,8S)- 2 i can induce obvious Hccc-9810 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry analysis. The proposed mechanism suggests that the falcarindiol analogue (3R,8S)- 2 i increases LDH release and MDA content, and reduces the levels of SOD activity, which lead to the accumulation of oxidative stress and induce apoptosis in Hccc-9810 cells.     

鲣鱼蛋白肽谱效关系研究

采用鲣鱼为原料,以蛋白质回收率为指标,酶解制备不同工艺条件的样品。通过测定其黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)抑制活性、ORAC值、分子质量分布图谱和总氨基酸含量,构建鲣鱼蛋白肽体外化学活性与其分子质量分布图谱、总氨基酸含量图谱之间的谱效关系。结合超高效液相-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)方法研究其降尿酸肽和抗氧化肽的分布。研究表明,鲣鱼蛋白肽的XOD抑制活性与其ORAC值具有显著的相关性。由多肽分子质量<1ku所占含量的分布区段和脂肪族氨基酸的含量可初步预测鲣鱼蛋白肽的化学活性。质谱分析表明,纯化组分的质谱基峰图在不同时间段的信号强度与鲣鱼蛋白肽的降尿酸活性和抗氧化活性具有明显的相关性。