Improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by ternary blending with bio-based alcohols and diesel from direct coal liquefaction

The utilization and popularization of biodiesel are always limited by its poor cold flow properties. Both bio-based alcohol and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) has potential to enhance the cold flow properties of biodiesel. In this study, ternary blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (BWCO) with DDCL and bio-based ethanol (ET) or 1-butanol (BT) were conducted to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and cloud point (CP) of BWCO-ET, BWCO-BT, and BWCO-DDCL binary blends, and BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL ternary blends were comparatively assessed. Ternary phase diagrams were also applied to analyze the blending effect of the three components on the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Results showed that both DDCL, ET, and BT can remarkably enhance the cold flow properties of BWCO. When the ternary blends contain 20 vol.% BWCO and less than 40 vol.% ET or BT, DDCL together with ET or BT exerted positive effects on enhancing the low-temperature flow properties of BWCO, especially on the CP and CFPP. For ternary blends in 20:10:70 blending ratio, BWCO-BT-DDCL exhibited the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP of −23, −19, and −17°C, respectively. The crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of blended fuels are also observed via a polarizing optical microscope, and find that DDCL together with BT in biodiesel can effectively retard the aggregation of large crystals and inhibit crystals growth.     

生物基聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯织物的阻燃与三防一步法泡沫整理

为提升生物基聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)织物的功能性且满足节能减排生态染整需求,采用泡沫整理技术对生物基PTT织物进行阻燃与三防一步法整理.通过响应面实验设计和优化法,分析了阻燃剂和三防整理剂质量浓度、带液率以及焙烘温度等对整理效果的影响,得到最佳整理工艺:阻燃剂和三防整理剂质量浓度分别为390、43 g/L,带液率...     

生物质复合材板坯内部孔隙形成的模拟与实验分析

应用计算机模拟的方法研究了生物质复合材板坯内部孔隙的形成.通过对板坯内孔隙体积比率与加工参数包括原料的几何形状、材料的公称密度之间的关系的考察结果表明,由模型得到的数据与由实验得到的数据的结果趋向一致.研究中通过在板材热压实验中测量板坯中心部位的温度和气体压力变化来说明孔隙对热和质传输的影响,实验和分析的结果也验证了该模型和模拟的方法对于研究生物质复合材板坯内孔隙具有一定的有效性.     

酚酸类化合物在化妆品中的研究进展

简单介绍了酚酸类化合物的来源和生物活性,综述了酚酸类化合物作为一种天然化合物,通过清除自由基、抑制炎症反应、抑菌、抑制酪氨酸酶活性、加速分解肌肤中的晚期糖化终末产物等途径起到的美白淡斑、抗衰老、抗炎、屏障修护等多重护肤功效,并介绍了酚酸类化合物的安全性问题,提出了酚酸类化合物生物利用度低、低水溶性等实际应用问题,采用生物基纳米颗粒负载酚酸类化合物可使部分实际应用问题得到改善。最后阐述了目前酚酸类化合物在化妆品行业应用中存在的问题,以期为酚酸类化合物在护肤领域的应用提供参考。     

Synthesis of polyamides from sugar derived d-glucaric acid and xylylenediamines

d -Glucaric acid (GA) is the one of aldaric acids and is an important bio-based building block for polymers. In this study, poly(m-xylylene-acetyl glucaramide) and poly(p-xylylene-acetyl glucaramide) were synthesized from GA acetate and two kind of aromatic diamines by solution polymerization. The chemical structures of the polyamides were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weights ranged from 3.3 × 10³ to 1.15 × 10⁴ with a polydispersity of 1.6–1.9, depending on monomer ratio or monomer concentration in solution. The 10% decomposition temperature of the polymers was about 210 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the polyamides exhibited no peaks attributed to crystallization or melting point, which indicated that the polyamides were amorphous. No crystalline pattern was observed in the X-ray diffractograms, supporting this result. Polarized optical microscopy observation revealed that the polyamides exhibited melting-like behavior at above 150 °C, which was attributed to glass-transition behavior. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47255.     

基于对羟基苯丙酸的生物基液晶共聚酯纤维的合成与性能

针对常规生物基纤维力学性能与耐热性不足的问题,以6-羟基-2-萘甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯丙酸(HPPA)为原料,采用一锅熔融聚合法合成了生物基液晶共聚酯,并通过熔融纺丝制备得到初生纤维,对共聚酯及其初生纤维的结构与性能进行研究.结果表明:制备得到的生物基液晶共聚酯为向列型液晶,其熔点在200℃左右,并随着HPPA添...     

Post‐polymerization modification of bio‐based polymers: maximizing the high functionality of polymers derived from biomass

The renaissance of the bio‐based chemical industry over the last 20 years has seen an ever growing interest in the synthesis of new bio‐based polymers. The building blocks of these new polymers, so called platform molecules, contain significantly more chemical functionality than their petrochemical counterparts (such as ethene, propene and para‐xylene). As a result bio‐based polymers often contain greater residual chemical functionality in their chains, with groups such as alkenes and hydroxyls commonly observed. These functional groups can act as sites for post‐polymerization modification (PPM), thus further extending the range of applications for bio‐based polymers by tailoring the polymers' final properties. This mini‐review highlights some of the most recent and compelling examples of how to make use of bio‐based polymers with residual functional groups for PPM. It also looks at how the emerging interdisciplinary field of enzymatic polymer synthesis allows for increased functionality in polymers by avoiding side‐reactions as a result of milder reaction conditions, and additionally offers an alternative means of polymer surface modification. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

化学/酶复合催化法制备生物基化学品研究进展

化学催化与酶催化复合法制备生物基化学品可兼具生物催化剂的高效、高选择性和化学催化剂的稳定性(高温下)等优点,且原料易得、工艺简捷高效、环境友好,以化学/酶复合催化一步法反应制备糖醇、氨基酸和其他生物基化学品中的应用来阐述此方法的优势和意义,并对其在生物质炼制过程的应用进行了展望。     

Synthesis and evaluation of epoxidized vegetable oleic acid as a novel environmental benign plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride

A bio-based plasticizers, acetyl-oleate triethylene glycol (AOT), was successfully synthesized by using oleic acid as a raw material through esterification, epoxidation, and acetylation. Its structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. The plasticizing performances of this plasticizer was compared with those of two commercial ones: dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA). This was done by blending these plasticizers with PVC, respectively. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the 5% weight loss temperature of PVC with AOT was 53°C higher than that of DOA and 36°C higher than that of DOTP. The tensile results showed that the AOT plasticized PVC had excellent stretchability: its elongation at break with 50 phr AOT reached 697.7%. Furthermore, its transmittance was as high as 90%, showing better compatibility of ATO with PVC.     

Exploring the prospects of the fifth quarter in the 21st century

A variable proportion of slaughtered livestock, generally referred to as the fifth quarter, is not part of the edible dressed meat and regarded as animal byproduct. In order for the fifth quarter to play a significant role in the current effort toward a circular bio-based economy, it has to successfully support food security, social inclusivity, environmental sustainability, and a viable economy. The high volume of these low-value streams and their nutrient-dense nature can facilitate their position as a very important candidate to explore within the context of a circular bio-based economy to achieve some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). While these sources have been traditionally used for various applications across different cultures and industries, it seems evident that their full potential has not yet been exploited, leaving these products more like an environmental burden rather than valuable resources. With innovation and well-targeted interdisciplinary collaborations, the potential of the fifth quarter can be fully realized. The present review intends to explore these low-value streams, their current utilization, and their potential to tackle the global challenges of increasing protein demands while preventing environmental degradation. Factors that limit widespread applications of the fifth quarter across industries and cultures will also be discussed.