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1.
采用溶解-重结晶方法合成了不同硅铝比具有级孔壳的中空ZSM-5分子筛,并对其负载Pt催化剂(Pt/HZ-x)催化愈创木酚加氢脱氧制备环烷烃性能进行了探究。通过X射线晶体衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氮气吸附脱附(N2-BET)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对合成的系列催化剂进行了物化性质表征。得益于特殊的中空级孔结构,中空ZSM-5分子筛具有高外比表面积和介孔孔容,有利于促进活性金属Pt的分散和增强反应物的传质。Pt/HZ-x催化剂表现出了优异的催化性能和愈创木酚加氢脱氧活性,在220℃的低温即可以达到100%的环烷烃选择性。另外,随着分子筛载体酸性的减弱,愈创木酚加氢脱氧产物的二次反应程度降低,增大了环己烷的选择性。  相似文献   
2.
Energy demand is the hot topic of all developing and developed countries. Energy demand has been increasing day by day at a high rate. So, it is necessary to find an alternative solution that is eco-friendly. Biodiesel can be the alternative solution for this problem. The main purpose of this paper is to test the engine performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine using pure cinnamon oil blended with diesel and using cerium oxide as a catalyst. The parameters measured are brake power, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel conception, CO2, CO, NOx and HC.  相似文献   
3.
Biofuel supply chain design plays a critical role in facilitating the large‐scale substitution of biofuel for traditional fossil fuels with a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly manner towards sustainability. This paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model for a 4‐layer biofuel supply chain network using mixed integer nonlinear programming while considering the benefits from economic, environmental, and societal aspects. The model can be used either to optimize an existing biofuel supply chain network or to guide the construction of a new biofuel supply chain network. The profit, the greenhouse gas emissions in transportation, and the market share of biofuel were set as targets for optimization. The selection of the participators at each layer, and the amount of the material flow between each pair of selected supplier and customer located at two adjacent layers were modeled as decision variables. The conventional weighted aggregation method was used to unify 3 objectives after normalization. Particle swarm optimization was used to solve this high‐dimension multiobjective problem to obtain a near optimal solution. A numerical case study based on the state of Missouri in the United States was implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results of the case study illustrate that the benefits in terms of transportation emission, profit, and market share can be achieved simultaneously. Using the equal weights configuration in conventional weighted aggregation as an example, a 21% reduction of the transportation emission, a 33% increase of the profit, and a 2% augmentation of the market share were achieved compared to the benchmark scenario.  相似文献   
4.
张昕怡  许蕊  王钰棋  张瑜  王飞  李迅 《化工学报》2020,71(11):5246-5255
将来源于解脂嗜热互营杆菌(Thermosyntropha lipolytica)的脂肪酶(TlLipA)基因tll1导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,通过热处理和镍柱亲和层析获得纯酶,并对其酶学性质进行研究。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)显示TlLipA分子量为53×103,其最适反应温度为65℃,最适反应pH为8.0。在55~65℃范围内酶活较高且比较稳定;在pH7.0~11.0于室温保存1 h后,残留相对酶活仍达80%以上。1 mmol/L 金属离子Zn2+、Fe3+和试剂SDS,0.05%(质量分数)Tween 80,对酶活力具有强烈的抑制作用,残留相对酶活皆低于15%;1 mmol/L Mg2+、Mn2+对酶活力表现出轻微的激活作用。由底物专一性实验可得,该酶对辛酸对硝基苯酯(C8)和癸酸对硝基苯酯(C10)偏好明显。以棕榈酸对硝基苯酯(p-NPP)为底物,该酶动力学参数Km值为0.23 mmol/L,Vmax为33.50 mmol/(L·min),kcat为22.83 S-1。以重组脂肪酶为催化剂在无溶剂体系中制备生物柴油,含水率20%,酶加量200 U/g油,醇油比为4∶1的条件下,在55℃催化大豆油反应48 h,收率可达91.75%。  相似文献   
5.
瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破增强离子液体对水稻秸秆的预处理效果   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
选取具有不同组分分离效果的离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Emim]Ac)和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Emim]Cl),并联用瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破(instant catapult steam explosion,ICSE)对水稻秸秆进行预处理。离子液体导致了组分的重排,使纤维素更多地暴露于物料表面,同时减弱了木质素对纤维素紧密交联的程度。ICSE的使用提升了离子液体的预处理效果,酶解糖收率比单纯使用离子液体升高了14.83%([Emim]Ac)和13.14%([Emim]Cl),其中ICSE联用[Emim]Ac的糖收率最高达97.00%。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)进行物料结构分析,证实了ICSE联用离子液体有助于破坏物料的致密结构,增加无定形区,从而提高酶解糖收率。  相似文献   
6.
A system consisting of a last-generation Stirling engine (SE) and a fuel burner for distributed power generation has been developed and experimentally investigated. The heat generated by the combustion of two liquid fuels, a standard Diesel fuel and a rapeseed oil, is used as a heat source for the SE, that converts part of the thermal energy into mechanical and then electric energy. The hot head of the SE is kept in direct contact with the flame generated by the burner. The burner operating parameters, designed for Diesel fuel, were changed to make it possible to burn vegetable oils, not suitable for internal combustion engines. The possibility of adopting different configurations of the combustion chamber was taken into account to increase the system efficiency. The preliminary configurations adopted allowed to operate this integrated system, obtaining an electric power up to 4.4 kWel with a net efficiency of 11.6%.  相似文献   
7.
2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) is a promising compound in the production of biofuel with high-quality properties. In this study, it is aimed to develop new efficient catalysts to synthesize DMF from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Co, Mn/Co, and Ru/Co catalysts were prepared using the NaBH4 reduction method. The catalysts were subjected to activity tests for the hydrogenation of HMF to DMF by changing the reaction parameters, such as temperature and time. Mn/Co catalysts prepared from metal precursors at various molar ratios of Mn/Co were found to be effective in hydrogenation reactions of HMF to DMF. A 91.8% DMF yield was achieved in the presence of a Mn/Co (50/50) catalyst without noble metal at 180°C for 4 hours. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and induction coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) techniques were used to characterize the efficient Mn/Co catalyst.  相似文献   
8.
Biofuel has emerged as an alternative source of energy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and combat global warming. Biofuels are classified into first, second, third and fourth generations. Each of the biofuel generations aims to meet the global energy demand while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. The aim of sustainability is to ensure continuous growth of the economy while protecting the environment and societal needs. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of these four generations of biofuels. The objectives are to compare the production of biofuel, the net greenhouse gases emissions, and energy efficiency. This study is important in providing information for the policymakers and researchers in the decision-making for the future development of green energy. Each of the biofuel generations shows different benefits and drawbacks. From this study, we conclude that the first generation biofuel has the highest biofuel production and energy efficiency, but is less effective in meeting the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission. The third generation biofuel shows the lowest net greenhouse gases emissions, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the energy required for the processing of the third generation biofuel is higher and, this makes it less environmentally friendly as fossil fuels are used to generate electricity. The third and fourth generation feedstocks are the potential sustainable source for the future production of biofuel. However, more studies need to be done to find an alternative low cost for biofuel production while increasing energy efficiency.  相似文献   
9.
In this study, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of heat recirculation and particle porosity on combustion characteristics of multizone counterflow nonpremixed flames fed with porous biofuel particles. For this purpose, the structure of flame contains preheat, postvaporization, and oxidizer zones. Additionally, Lycopodium is considered as the volatile biofuel, especially due to its appreciable flammability and dispensability. Dimensionalized and nondimensionalized forms of mass and energy conservation equations are scrutinized in each zone. To explore of the thermal recirculation effect, a specific term is included in the energy conservation equation. The variation of several parameters, including flame temperature, particle radius, mass fraction of the gaseous fuel and oxidizer, mass particle content, equivalence ratio, and particle porosity, is studied in this work considering and ignoring the thermal recirculation impact. As a result, increasing heat recirculation coefficient from k = 0 to 1 will rise the flame temperature and shift the flame position to the left side (fuel nozzle). Furthermore, consideration of the thermal heat recirculation will improve the gaseous fuel production in the preheat and postvaporization zones. Additionally, an increase in mass concentration and reduction of particles radius and porosity would lead to a rise in the flame temperature.  相似文献   
10.
采用浸渍法制备了HZSM-5、HY、Hβ以及MCM-22四种载体上负载Co的催化剂,在高压反应釜中,开展了以乙酰丙酸乙酯为原料一步法加氢脱氧合成戊酸乙酯以及戊酸生物燃料的研究。采用XRD、XPS、TEM、FT-IR、NH3-TPD、H2-TPR、py-FTIR、ICP-AES等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,10Co/HZSM-5催化剂由于Co在HZSM-5上分布均匀,并且B酸酸性、总酸量以及还原性能最优,在保持较高的反应性能的同时,提高了产物的选择性,具有较高的催化性能。进一步对反应温度、反应压力等进行优化,在反应温度为240℃、压力为3 MPa、反应3 h时,以正辛烷作溶剂,催化剂表现出较高的催化性能,乙酰丙酸乙酯的转化率达到100%,戊酸酯和戊酸的总收率可达90%。  相似文献   
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