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1.
Bismuth layer–structured ferroelectric calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi2Nb2O9, CBN) is considered to be one of the most potential high-temperature piezoelectric materials due to its high Curie temperature Tc of ∼940°C, but the drawbacks of low electrical resistivity at elevated temperature and low piezoelectric performance limit its applications as key electronic components at high temperature (HT). Herein, we report significantly enhanced dc electrical resistivity and piezoelectric properties of CBN ceramics through rare-earth element Tb ions compositional adjustment. The nominal compositions of Ca1−xTbxBi2Nb2O9 (abbreviated as CBN-100xTb) have been fabricated by conventional solid-state reaction method. The composition of CBN-3Tb exhibits a significantly enhanced dc electrical resistivity of 1.97 × 106 Ω cm at 600°C, which is larger by two orders of magnitude compared with unmodified CBN. The donor substitutions of Tb3+ ions for Ca2+ ions reduce the oxygen vacancy concentrations and increase the band-gap energy, which is responsible for the enhancement of dc electric resistivity. The temperature-dependent dc conduction properties reveal that the conduction is dominated by the thermally activated oxygen vacancies in the low-temperature region (200–350°C) and by the intrinsic conduction in the HT region (350–650°C). The CBN-3Tb also exhibits enhanced piezoelectric properties with a high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ∼13.2 pC/N and a high Tc of ∼966°C. Moreover, the CBN-3Tb exhibits good thermal stabilities of piezoelectric properties, remaining 97% of its room temperature value after annealing at 900°C. These properties demonstrate the great potentials of Tb-modified CBN for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.  相似文献   
2.
袁聪  蒲舸  高杰  贾帅辉 《化工学报》2022,73(3):1359-1368
以溶胶凝胶法制备了BaFe2O4载氧体以及Ni、Ce、K修饰的BaFe2O4载氧体,筛选出最佳载氧体为10%(质量)K修饰的BaFe2O4载氧体(10K-BF),探究了不同反应条件对其性能的影响,通过H2-TPR、XRD、SEM、BET对载氧体表征。实验结果表明,Ni、Ce、K的添加均提高了载氧体的合成气产率,10K-BF载氧体在水蒸气与生物质质量比(S/B)等于3,过氧系数α=0.20,反应温度800℃时,气化效果最好,合成气产率1.864 m3/(kg Biomass),氢气产率1.038 m3/(kg Biomass),碳转化率90.49%,积炭率1.33%,10次循环后仍有较高的气体产率及碳转化率。H2-TPR表明10K-BF载氧体在300℃开始释氧,在生物质热解的初始阶段即可参与反应,有利于焦油的裂解;XRD表明10K-BF载氧体再生后可以恢复部分尖晶石结构。  相似文献   
3.
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(12):16877-16884
Oxygen selective membrane on the base of cermet δ-Bi2O3/Ag with an interpenetrating structure has the maximum potential efficiency of air separation. However, the degradation processes, including the phase degradation of fluorite δ-Bi2O3, do not make it possible to create a membrane with the required perfection and durability. In this work, the ordering of oxygen vacancies with the transformation of fluorite into the rhombohedral phase (S.G. R-3) was studied by powder HT XRD in situ at 600 °C on dense Bi0.78Er0.2Hf0.02O1.51 ceramics. Fast regeneration of disordered fluorite occurs at T = 640–700 °C. The phase degradation of fluorite due to the segregation of dopants at the second stage leads into stable phases - sillenite, tetragonal or rhombohedral phase (S.G. R-3m), depending on the composition of δ-Bi2O3. Fast regeneration of fluorite occurs when heated to 820 °C, which is unacceptable for membranes. Analysis of all available data allows us to propose approaches to optimize the composition of δ-Bi2O3 and technical solutions for creating durable oxygen selective membranes with promising use in distributed multigeneration. As a result of the analysis, a new solid electrolyte with better parameters was obtained.  相似文献   
5.
摘要:铁素体轧制是控制精轧过程在铁素体范围内的板带热轧工艺,与传统的“热轧-冷轧-退火”工艺相比,可以实现“以热代冷”,显著节约成本。然而对于一些短流程生产工序,粗轧和精轧之间的高冷速会影响产品的尺寸和组织均匀性,尤其是两相区较宽的低碳钢,更难实现全铁素体区精轧。总结了板带铁素体轧制的相关研究工作,结合各企业铁素体轧制工艺的特点,提出了铁素体轧制工艺参数及组织性能控制目标。围绕铁素体轧制技术应用的几个关键问题展开分析讨论,重点讨论了两相区变形的软化机制及对织构的影响机制,为今后铁素体轧制关键技术的开发提供理论指导。  相似文献   
6.
孙咸 《焊管》2022,45(5):22-35
综述了铁素体与铁素体异种金属焊缝(dissimilar metal welds,DMWs)接头界面组织及其影响。结果表明,在焊后热处理或运行温度下的铁素体钢DMWs接头的不均匀界面组织中,通常会形成脱碳层和增碳层。在铁素体钢DMWs焊接接头界面组织影响因素中,焊缝金属的化学成分有重要影响;焊后热处理规范(温度和时间)、工作温度下运行时间的影响较为突出;焊接工艺参数的影响亦不可忽略。异种钢接头界面处近缝区裂纹的产生,以及接头的蠕变强度随Larson Miller 参数增大而下降等不利影响,均为异种钢界面碳迁移行为所导致。焊缝成分控制法是接头界面组织控制或改善的必要条件,而脱碳层部位转移法能有效防止裂纹发生,亦是接头安全运行的重要工艺措施之一。  相似文献   
7.
袁睿  潘中德  武会宾 《金属热处理》2021,46(10):112-116
利用扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、室温拉伸、低温冲击测试等试验方法,采用了正火、强化正火、正火+400 ℃回火的热处理工艺,研究了不同正火工艺对420 MPa级海洋风电用钢板组织和性能的影响。结果表明:通过正火处理后,正火态试验钢的平均晶粒尺寸由轧态试验钢的8 μm细化至6 μm,带状组织得到改善,强度与低温冲击性能均得到提升,屈服强度提升至442 MPa,-50 ℃下的冲击吸收能达到120 J;通过正火+400 ℃回火处理后,平均晶粒尺寸为7 μm,虽然大幅度提升了钢的低温冲击性能,-50 ℃下的冲击吸收能量达到194 J,但是钢的屈服强度降低为422 MPa。强化正火后组织为铁素体+珠光体+少量贝氏体,平均晶粒尺寸为5.6 μm,屈服强度提升至460 MPa,断后伸长率和低温冲击吸收能量相较于正火后试验钢有所降低但仍能满足EN10025性能标准,达到强韧性的最佳匹配,是生产420 MPa级海上风电用钢的最佳热处理工艺。  相似文献   
8.
BiFeO3 thin films, specifically those fabricated by chemical solution deposition, suffer from severe leakage that hinder the acquirements of their intrinsic high polarizations and are thus normally not considered for use in practical electronics. The controlled fabrication of thin films with reduced leakage is of vital importance. In the present work, BiFeO3 films (with thicknesses below ~300 nm), assisted by an interfacial amorphous layer, were fabricated by chemical solution deposition on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. This facile method facilitates the growth of the mentioned amorphous layer, and the ferroelectric properties of the obtained films were greatly enhanced. The conducting mechanisms of both types of thin films were systematically investigated to understand the impact of the designed interface. The results not only advance the potential use of BiFeO3 thin films in electromechanical devices but also promote chemical solution deposition as a promising methodology for the fabrication of high-quality ferroelectric films with compressed leakage.  相似文献   
9.
A versatile phase transformation strategy was proposed to synthesize novel BiVO4 nanosheets (NSs)@WO3 nanorod (NR) and nanoplate (NP) arrays films. The strategy was carried out by following a three-step hydrothermal process (WO3→WO3/Bi2WO6→WO3/BiVO4). According to the characterization results, plenty of BiVO4 NSs grew well on the surface of WO3 NR and NP arrays films, thus forming the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction structure. The prepared WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction films were used as the photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. As indicated by the results, the photoanodes exhibited an excellent PEC activity. The photocurrent densities of the WO3/BiVO4 NR and NP photoanodes at 1.23 V (vs RHE) without cocatalyst under visible light illumination reached up to about 1.56 and 1.20 mA/cmbrespectively.  相似文献   
10.
利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了热轧态、850、950和1 050 ℃固溶处理Fe-Mn-Al-C铁素体基轻质钢的微观组织。通过测试固溶处理试样的极化曲线和阻抗曲线,以及观察试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀后的表面状态,分析其耐蚀性。结果表明,试样经850 ℃固溶处理后的组织为铁素体+κ碳化物;950 ℃固溶处理后组织为铁素体+奥氏体+少量κ碳化物;1050 ℃固溶处理后组织为铁素体+奥氏体。随固溶处理温度的升高,试样中κ碳化物逐渐粗化直至全部溶解,950 ℃时发生奥氏体转变且晶粒有所增大,但1050 ℃时奥氏体的含量却略有降低。950 ℃固溶处理试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性最佳,其自腐蚀电流密度为3.102×10-6 A/cm2,钝化膜的电阻Rp值为3944 Ω。经过240 h腐蚀浸泡后,950 ℃固溶处理试样的腐蚀速率最低,这主要是由于其组织中奥氏体含量相对较高、铁素体和κ碳化物含量相对较低以及铁素体中Al元素含量较高所致。  相似文献   
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