Impact of spinel forming systems (Fe-/Mg-/Mn-Al-O) as functional coating materials for carbon-bonded alumina filters on steel melt filtration

Since solid, non-metallic inclusions influence considerably the quality of casted steel products, carbon-bonded alumina foam filters are used in secondary metallurgical treatments to remove these particles from steel melts. In order to attain a significant improvement of the filtration process, five different carbonaceous spinel compounds from the Fe-/Mg-/Mn-Al-O systems are applied on carbon-bonded alumina filters in this study and investigated with regard of their filtration efficiency. However, these spinel compounds decompose partially during sintering at 1400?°C under reducing atmosphere, wherefore the resulting coatings contain not only spinel compounds, but also oxidic and metallic components. The subsequent interaction with molten steel leads to the development of multicrystal structures on the filter surface, which stem from interfacial reactions between coating materials, molten steel, and inclusions. As a result of this procedure, a reduction of almost 60% alumina inclusions is measured with the aid of an automatic SEM, whereby spinel compounds from the Fe-Mn-Al-O system achieve highest filtration efficiencies.     

高过滤性能石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能

将石墨烯(GR)纳米颗粒掺杂到聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝溶液中,利用静电纺丝技术制备石墨烯/聚丙烯腈(GR/PAN)复合纳米纤维膜。研究PAN质量分数、GR用量、纺丝电压及接收距离对GR/PAN复合纳米纤维膜形貌和过滤性能的影响,发现最优纺丝工艺参数为PAN质量分数14.0%、GR用量1.5%、纺丝电压26 kV、接收距离14 cm、注射速度1 mL/h。此最优纺丝工艺参数制备的GR/PAN复合纳米纤维膜的过滤效率为98.86%,过滤阻力为110.30 Pa。     

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Analysis of Process Severity and Solid Content

Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge was carried out with the aim to evaluate the influence of process severity and initial solid content. Response surface methodology was applied to model yield and C yield responses. Enhanced dewaterability performance was recorded under mild processing conditions. The treatment promoted concentration and immobilization of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Variation of the solid content showed a stronger influence than severity on average yield and C yield. Higher heating values (HHVs) and energy retention efficiencies (EREs) of hydrochars obtained at the lowest solid content displayed the lowest values. Hence, the energy requirements of a first dewatering step should be compared with the related improvement in terms of HHV and ERE when sludge is used as feedstock.     

超滤陶瓷膜深度处理造纸废水的实验研究

针对当前造纸废水水质特点及深度处理工艺,提出采用超滤陶瓷膜绿色节能工艺对造纸废水开展深度处理实验研究。结果表明,陶瓷膜的最佳工作条件为:跨膜压差0. 2 MPa、进膜流量1000 L/h,在该条件下造纸废水的固体悬浮物(SS)去除率大于94. 5%,化学需氧量(CODCr)去除率大于76. 2%,色度去除率高于72. 3%,水质达到了《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544-2008)要求;膜清洗再生实验结果表明经过反循环化学清洗后超滤陶瓷膜通量可以恢复至90%以上。     

亲油型聚结滤芯饱和度预测模型研究

纤维聚结滤芯广泛用于压缩空气净化、发动机曲轴箱通风、加工和切割等一系列工艺过程中，用于除去气流中的液体气溶胶颗粒。由于聚结滤芯饱和度对于过滤效率及阻力具有重要影响，因此建立饱和度与滤材参数及操作条件之间的关系将有助于优化滤芯结构并提高过滤性能。目前实际工业用聚结滤芯通常由多层微米级玻璃纤维材料组成，然而现有计算模型无法用于此类滤芯的饱和度预测。因此，本文基于多种常用亲油型聚结滤芯压降及饱和度实验测试结果，根据“跳跃-通道”模型及毛细管理论建立了新的饱和度预测模型。通过与大量已发表文献数据对比发现，当饱和值大于0.2时，预测值与实验结果吻合度较好，相对偏差≤20%。随着饱和度的降低，滤芯润湿区域和非润湿区域之间界限逐渐明显，此时无需对毛细管半径进行修正。然而，新模型仍然要依靠压降测量值进行计算，这一问题需在后续工作中加以解决。     

Flexible poly(styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene) hybrid nanofibers for bioengineering and water filtration applications

Among the thermoplastic elastomers that play important roles in the polymer industry due to their superior properties, styrene-based species and polyurethane block copolymers are of great interest. Poly(styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene) (SEBS) as a triblock copolymer seems to have the potential to meet many demands in different applications due to various industrial requirements where durability, biocompatibility, breaking elongation, and interfacial adhesion are important. In this study, the SEBS triblock copolymer was functionalized with natural (Satureja hortensis, SH) and synthetic (nanopowder, TiO₂) agents to obtain composite nanofibers by electrospinning and electrospraying methods for use in biomedical and water filtration applications. The results were compared with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite nanofibers, which are commonly used in these fields. Here, functionalized SEBS nanofibers exhibited antibacterial effect while at the same time improving cell viability. In addition, because of successful water filtration by using the SEBS composite nanofibers, the material may have a good potential to be used comparably to TPU for the application.     

GO/PI复合纳米纤维的制备及其过滤性能研究

为制备高过滤效率、低过滤阻力的空气过滤材料,将氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒(GO)掺杂到聚酰亚胺(PI)纺丝溶液中,制备氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺(GO/PI)复合纳米纤维过滤材料。通过观察其形貌、过滤性能来确定最优纺丝工艺参数。结果表明:当PI质量分数为30%,GO质量分数为1%,纺丝电压为25 kV,接收距离为20 cm时,复合纳米薄膜的纤维形貌较好,过滤性能优良。与PI纯组分纳米纤维过滤材料相比,GO/PI复合纳米纤维过滤材料的过滤性能更好,制得GO/PI复合纳米纤维膜的平均孔径为1.8μm,过滤效率为99.68%,过滤阻力仅为85.35 Pa。     

分析比较两种不同方式制备的无色茶香提取物风味成分

目的分析比较膜过滤、减压蒸馏两种方式制备的无色茶香近水饮料的理化及风味品质。方法采用不同孔径膜过滤、减压蒸馏两种方式制备得到3个无色茶香水提取物,通过对其香气组分、咖啡因、茶多酚等风味品质理化分析并结合感官评定,寻找最合适的无色茶香近水饮料的制备方法。结果经分析鉴定, 3个样品共鉴定出44种香气成分,膜过滤方式中共检出26种、蒸馏方式中检测有28种。其中样品1香气成分以醇类和酮类为主,两者占总香气量的80.79%;样品2和样品3以酯类和醇类香气物质为主,这两类物质占总香气比分别为90.74%和91.60%。另外茶多酚、咖啡因和儿茶素在样品2中含量最高,样品1其次,样品3中均未检出。结论通过指标分析并结合感官风味评审发现,无色透明提取物样品2中含有较高的茶特性性成分,香气浓郁带有茉莉花香,滋味饱满带回甘,在3个试样中评价最优。综合评估认为采用膜过滤方式并选择适当孔径的膜及处理工艺,可以得到风味与品质兼备的无色茶香提取物。     

高湿黏性颗粒在聚四氟乙烯微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性的数值模拟

基于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜滤料扫描电镜(SEM)图像，建立PTFE微孔膜滤料微观结构模型，采用计算流体力学和离散单元法(CFD?DEM)耦合的方法对黏性颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性进行模拟，引入液桥力模型，忽略范德华力的作用，统计计算域内颗粒的受力情况，分析了不同表面能条件下3~6 ?m粒径颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面的沉积特性，将模拟结果与黏附效率的经验公式进行对比。结果表明，黏附效率与经验值、颗粒受力与液桥力模型的相对误差均在6%以内，CFD?DEM耦合计算方法可用于模拟不同环境湿度条件下的颗粒沉积；过滤风速、粒径与黏性是影响沉积形态的重要因素，提高过滤风速及增大颗粒粒径与黏性，颗粒更易在滤料表面形成稳定的树突结构，黏附效率及含尘压降增加。环境相对湿度影响两物体间液桥体积，接触力影响颗粒沉积，当增加表面能与液桥体积时，接触力及液桥力均相应增加，根据受力平衡原理，环境相对湿度对颗粒沉积影响很大。