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排序方式: 共有300条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
研究了3种微通道板基底羟基化的方法,测量了羟基化处理后微通道板基底表面水接触角及通道端面的形貌变化,分析了各种方法中微通道板基底的亲水性和腐蚀情况。实验结果表明:氨水双氧水溶液对基体表面的亲水性能提升不大,NaOH溶液对基体有腐蚀作用,经食人鱼溶液处理的基体表面亲水性明显提高且无腐蚀作用。研究了微通道板在食人鱼溶液中的浸泡时间和浸泡温度对表面亲水性的影响。结果表明:随着浸泡温度的增加,微通道板表面水接触角先减小后增大,当温度为80℃时达到极小值,浸泡时间对微通道板表面的亲水性影响不大。最终确定了微通道板表面羟基化工艺:浸泡温度为80℃,静置时间为20~60 min。  相似文献   
2.
CYP154C5 from Nocardia farcinica is a P450 monooxygenase able to hydroxylate a range of steroids with high regio- and stereoselectivity at the 16α-position. Using protein engineering and substrate modifications based on the crystal structure of CYP154C5, an altered regioselectivity of the enzyme in steroid hydroxylation had been achieved. Thus, conversion of progesterone by mutant CYP154C5 F92A resulted in formation of the corresponding 21-hydroxylated product 11-deoxycorticosterone in addition to 16α-hydroxylation. Using MD simulation, this altered regioselectivity appeared to result from an alternative binding mode of the steroid in the active site of mutant F92A. MD simulation further suggested that the entrance of water to the active site caused higher uncoupling in this mutant. Moreover, exclusive 15α-hydroxylation was observed for wild-type CYP154C5 in the conversion of 5α-androstan-3-one, lacking an oxy-functional group at C17. Overall, our data give valuable insight into the structure–function relationship of this cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for steroid hydroxylation.  相似文献   
3.
The hydroxylation of phenols into polyphenols, which are valuable chemicals and pharmaceutical products, is a challenging reaction. The search for green synthetic processes has led to considering microorganisms and pure hydroxylases as catalysts for phenol hydroxylation. Herein, we report the structural and functional characterization of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase from Escherichia coli, named HpaB. It is shown that this enzyme enjoys a relatively broad substrate specificity, which allows the conversion of a number of non-natural phenolic compounds, such as tyrosol, hydroxymandelic acid, coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and its methyl ester, and phenol, into the corresponding catechols. The reaction can be performed by using a simple chemical assay based on formate as the electron donor and the organometallic complex [Rh(bpy)Cp*(H2O)]2+ (Cp*: 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene, bpy: 2,2′-bipyridyl) as the catalyst for FAD reduction. The availability of a crystal structure of HpaB in complex with FAD at 1.8 Å resolution opens up the possibility of the rational tuning of the substrate specificity and activity of this interesting class of phenol hydroxylases.  相似文献   
4.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are highly desired biocatalysts owing to their ability to catalyse a wide variety of chemically challenging C?H activation reactions. The CYP102A subfamily of enzymes are natural catalytically self‐sufficient proteins consisting of a haem and FMN‐FAD reductase domain fused in a single‐component system. They catalyse the oxygenation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to produce primarily ω?1, ω?2 and ω?3 hydroxy acids. These monooxygenases have potential applications in biotechnology; however, their substrate range is still limited and there is a continued need to add diversity to this class of biocatalysts. Herein, we present the characterisation of two new members of this class of enzymes, CYP102A25 (BMar) from Bacillus marmarensis and CYP102A26 (PHal) from Pontibacillus halophilus, both of which express readily in a recombinant bacterial host. BMar exhibits the highest activity toward myristic acid and shows moderate activity towards unsaturated fatty acids. PHal exhibits broader activity towards mid‐chain‐saturated (C14–C18) and unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, PHal shows good regioselectivity for the hydroxylation of myristic acid, targeting the ω?2 position for C?H activation.  相似文献   
5.
为了达到增强硅气凝胶力学性能的目的,采用硅烷偶联剂KH550与KH560二步改性接枝玻璃纤维,进而制备纤维增强硅气凝胶。利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、比表面及孔径分布仪、热重-差热分析仪、导热系数仪、电子动静态疲劳试验机等对其表征。实验结果表明:硅烷偶联剂改性玻璃纤维与硅气凝胶复合后网络结构更加均匀、骨架强度更加稳定、孔径多在30 nm以下、具有良好的热稳定性;同时,改性玻璃纤维的最佳添加量为20%(质量分数),此时其密度为0.167 g/cm3,导热系数为0.018 5 W/(m·K),接触角为127°,抗弯强度为1.042 MPa,抗压强度为0.669 MPa,达到预期实验目的。  相似文献   
6.
The selective oxidation of alkane and olefin moieties are reactions of fundamental importance in both chemical synthesis and biology. Nature efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons using iron-dependent enzymes, which operate through the mediation of oxoiron(IV) or oxoiron(V) species. In the quest for chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations akin to those taking place in nature, bioinspired iron catalysts have been developed and understanding their mechanism of action has become a particularly relevant area of research. While a prominent advance in the preparation and characterization of oxoiron(IV) species has been accomplished, oxoiron(V) species remain exceedingly rare, presumably because the high reactivity that makes them particularly interesting also makes them difficult to observe. This review summarizes the advances in the field, focusing in synthetic systems for which the oxoiron(V) species relevant in these transformations have been directly detected and spetroscopically characterized.  相似文献   
7.
石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)以其独特的电子结构和化学特性引起了广泛关注。以双氰胺和硝酸铁为原料,制备了Fe改性的石墨相氮化碳(Fe/ g-C3N4),采用红外光谱、XRD和N2吸附-脱附等分析手段对g-C3N4和 Fe/g-C3N4 进行了表征,并用以催化苯酚羟基化反应合成二酚,研究了Fe/ g-C3N4催化性能的影响因素。结果表明,Fe/ g-C3N4材料具有良好的介孔结构,Fe的引入改变了g-C3N4层状结构的层间距。当苯酚/H2O2摩尔比为2/1、铁负载量为0.7%(质量分数)、反应温度为50 ℃、反应时间为6 h时,苯酚的转化率达到39.7%,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的总选择性为85.8%。重复实验结果证实该催化剂可以重复使用。  相似文献   
8.
采用V2O5催化剂,30%H2O2为氧化剂,醋酸为溶剂,研究了苯、苯酚、氯苯、邻(间、对)二氯苯等氧化羟基化反应规律。结果表明:在实验条件下,苯酚氧化活性明显高于苯氧化活性,但易导致深度氧化;氯苯的氧化活性略高于苯;氯苯氧化羟基化反应中,氯的对位氧化的相对选择性约为邻位或间位相对选择性的4~5倍;二氯苯氧化羟基化反应的选择性受两个氯共同影响,某位置的相对选择性约等于每个氯单独存在时相对选择性的乘积。  相似文献   
9.
氧化石墨烯(GO)边缘处的羧基为酸性基团,在摩擦过程中会造成金属摩擦副的腐蚀磨损。为减弱GO上羧基的腐蚀磨损,利用甘油与GO反应制备一种多羟基化改性氧化石墨烯(GOOH);利用原子力显微镜(AFM)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性前后GO的形貌进行观测,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对其进行结构表征,并评价其在水中的稳定性和腐蚀性;用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察GO和GOOH作为水基润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨性能,用SEM-EDS分析试球表面磨斑形貌及摩擦膜的化学成分组成。结果表明:GOOH能在水中稳定分散,且相比于GO,GOOH对钢球的腐蚀性更弱,摩擦因数及磨斑直径更小,磨斑形状更规则,犁沟更浅。EDS测试结果表明,使用GOOH添加剂的钢球磨损表面碳元素含量较GO更多,说明其能更好地吸附到摩擦副表面起到减摩抗磨的作用。  相似文献   
10.
王洪宇  吴振豪  张龙 《石油化工》2014,43(2):138-143
以2,2′-(4-硝基苯基)二吡咯甲烷与Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O为原料,在甲醇溶液中成功合成了2,2′-(4-硝基苯基)二吡咯甲烷铜配合物;利用FTIR、元素分析及质谱对该配合物的结构进行了表征。以2,2′-(4-硝基苯基)二吡咯甲烷铜配合物为催化剂,进行苯酚羟基化反应,研究了反应条件对苯酚羟基化反应的影响。实验结果表明,反应的最佳条件为:催化剂用量50 mg、苯酚浓度1.0 mol/L、30%(w)H2O21.8 mL、反应温度60℃、反应时间4 h。在此条件下,苯酚转化率达63.5%,苯二酚的选择性达到100%(邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的选择性分别为50.2%和49.8%)。重复使用实验结果表明,催化剂的重复使用性能较好。  相似文献   
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