Enabling factors toward production of nanostructured steel on an industrial scale

Utilizing the existing properties of steel, a modern technological society has been constructed. While there are over 25,000 worldwide equivalent steels based on manipulating the eutectoid transformation, there exist only a handful of commercial nanostructured steel alloys based on manipulating the more complex glass devitrification transformation. Thus, research on nanostructured steels is in its infancy, and many further developments are expected with the demonstrated promise of developing new combinations of superior properties. In this article, seven enabling metallurgical factors are presented that ultimately allow a variety of nanostructured steel products to be produced in an ever-increasing array of industrial processing techniques. Additionally, a case example of the formation of nanostructured steel are given showing how these factors can be harnessed on an industrial scale.     

On the experimental and numerical investigation of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Due to increasing use of clay/epoxy nanocomposites in industry, investigation of mechanical properties of clay nanocomposites has become of great interest. While the stiffening mechanism of clay nanocomposites is well documented, there is still not a clear understanding about how addition of clays affect the fracture behavior of clay/epoxy nanocomposites. The main aim of this paper is to measure and explain the effect of clays on ductility reduction of these nanocomposites. First, epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites with different clay weight ratio were built. Then, the damage parameters of epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites were measured by variation of the elasticity modulus. Based on loading–unloading experiments, the Lemaitre damage parameters for epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites were extracted. Crack initiation and propagation in dog-bone sample were simulated for epoxy and clay/epoxy nanocomposites using the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that the proposed method can predict the crack initiation location and propagation path in clay/epoxy nanocomposites.     

碳纳米管的大面积合成及磁性(英文)

通过溶胶凝胶法和氢气还原法制备出Co纳米颗粒并以此作为催化剂材料,通过催化裂解苯的方法,实现了较低温度(460℃)下在Co纳米颗粒表面上合成碳纳米管。采用X射线衍射、激光喇曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对所合成的碳纳米材料进行了表征。通过优化实验参数,可制备出最大产率和纯度分别为约50和98.02%(质量分数)的碳纳米管。由于铁磁性Co纳米颗粒的进入,使得整个复合物表现出比较好的磁性能。和以往以苯作为碳源合成碳纳米材料相比,此合成方案简单、成本低,且对环境无任何危害,非常适用于磁性碳纳米复合物的批量合成。     

Interfacial Intermetallic Growth and Strength of Composite Lead-Free Solder Alloy Through Isothermal Aging

The effects of particle reinforcement of Sn-4.0wt.%Ag-0.5wt.%Cu (SAC405) lead-free solder on interfacial intermetallic layer growth and strength of the ensuing joints through short-term isothermal aging (150°C) were studied. Composite solders were prepared by either incorporating 2 wt.% Cu (3 μm to 20 μm) or Cu₂O (∼150 nm) particles into SAC405 paste. Aggressive flux had the effect of reducing the Cu₂O nanoparticles into metallic Cu which subsequently reacted with the solder alloy to form the Cu₆Sn₅ intermetallic. While all solders had similar interfacial intermetallic growth upon reflow, both of the composite solders’ growth rates slowed through aging to reach a common growth rate exponent of approximately 0.38, considerably lower than that of the nonreinforced solder (n = 0.58). The nanoscale reinforced solder additionally exhibited the highest tensile strength in both the initial and aged conditions, behavior also attributed to its quick conversion to a stable microstructure.     

Fabrication of porous bioactive glass particles by one step sintering

In this study, we reported a facile method to prepare porous bioactive glass microparticles. Porous particles were synthesized by sintering hollow bioactive glass microspheres obtained using a sol-gel co-template technology. The results showed that porous bioactive glass particles possessed a narrow particle size distribution, a relatively porous surface morphology and a hollow structure. It is worth to say that the resulting microparticles present an amorphous structure although the sintering temperature was improved compared to hollow microspheres. The presence of macropore on the shell may provide an efficient method to carry drugs in the hollow cores. Considering the high deposit rate of nanoscale apatite for bioactive glass materials, the porous microparticles should have potential applications in drug and bioactive molecules delivery, in addition to bone tissue regeneration.     

聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶性能研究

采用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射法和热台偏光显微镜研究了有机蒙脱土对聚乳酸结晶性能的影响。研究结果表明,有机蒙脱土对聚乳酸结晶过程的影响是成核效应和阻碍分子链运动的协同作用,当其含量较低时,成核作用占主导地位,聚乳酸晶体的半径生长速率随其含量的增加而增加;而当有机蒙脱土的含量较高时,它对聚乳酸分子链运动的阻碍作用逐渐增强,聚乳酸晶体缺陷增加,晶体半径生长速率则随有机蒙脱土含量的增加而降低。     

Development and optimization of chemically stable lipid microspheres containing flunarizine

Aim: The purpose of this study is to develop an appropriate dispersion system containing flunarizine, and most of all, to improve the chemical stability of flunarizine. Method: In this study, a higher incubation temperature (60°C), to induce a faster chemical degradation, was adopted to optimize a better vehicle, an appropriate pH value, and an effective antioxidant system for flunarizine. Results: The chemical stability of flunarizine was improved significantly in lipid microspheres (LMs) compared with the aqueous solution. The optimal formulation of LMs for flunarizine at pH 8.0 is composed of (w/v): flunarizine 0.1%, dl-α-tocopherol 0.1%, medium-chain triglyceride 5%, long-chain triglyceride 5%, soybean lecithin 1.8%, poloxamer 188 0.4 %, Tween-80 0.2%, glycerol 2.5% and l-cysteine 0.05%, Na₂SO₃ 0.15%, and EDTA 0.01%. Conclusions: The long-term stability investigation, stored at 10 ± 2°C and 25 ± 2°C for 6 months, witnessed the better chemical stability of flunarizine in LMs. An intravenous delivery system of LMs for flunarizine focusing on a better chemical stability of flunarizine has been successfully developed and optimized.     

Influence of chitosan/clay functional bionanocomposite activated with rosemary essential oil on the shelf life of fresh silver carp

A combination of chitosan biopolymer, nanoclay and rosemary essential oil was prepared as a functional bionanocomposite (FBN). Its ability to improve the shelf life of refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) silver carp fillets was studied. The fresh fillets were left untreated as a control or coated with chitosan, chitosan/clay bionanocomposite and chitosan/clay/rosemary essential oil (Ch/clay/REO) FBN. Then, they were evaluated for chemical, microbial and sensory properties over 16‐day storage. The samples coated with the FBN had the lowest pH and total volatile basic nitrogen. Ch/clay/REO coating efficiently retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing peroxide, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid production in the samples. The coating also reduced total viable and psychrotrophic count of the fillets more than 1.5 log by the end of storage.     

Structure and properties of nylon-6/amino acid modified nanoclay composite fibers

Biodegradable amino acid modified nanocaly was applied to produce nylon-6/nanoclay composite fibers using melt blending and melt spinning processes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that the surface of composite fibers was uniform and free from defects. Layer spacing of modified nanoclay was increased due to the penetration of polymer molecules into clay layers. Crystallinity, γ crystalline percentage and total molecular orientation of composite fibers were higher in comparison to neat nylon-6 fibers, as revealed by WAXD and birefringence measurements. Tensile strength of composite fibers was lower when compared to neat nylon-6 fibers. This may be attributed to some aggregation of nanoclay and its weakening effect. Melting and glass transition temperature of composite fiber was decreased due to the addition of modified nanoclay, indicating the formation of γ crystals and also breaking of some hydrogen bonds between the polymer molecules and the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the modified clay and the polymer molecules.     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化脂肪酶研究

以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,通过戊二醛交联进行脂肪酶固定化,对影响脂肪酶固定化各种因素进行考察,确定最佳条件,并比较游离酶与固定化酶pH和热稳定性。结果表明,固定化适宜条件为:脂肪酶加入量5.0 mg/100 mg载体、温度40℃、时间5 h、pH 8.04、戊二醛浓度10%、最高固载率可达90.56%,酶活4034 U/g载体;与游离酶相比,固定化酶pH和热稳定性都有较宽适用范围。