煤炭资源型城市转型模式研究：以徐州贾汪区为例

煤炭资源型城市为我国经济发展提供了重要的资源和能源支持,研究资源型城市转型的经验模式对调整区域经济结构、确保社会稳定和改善生态环境具有重要的实践意义。本文采用文献综述法和实证分析法,研究我国东部煤炭资源枯竭型城市转型所面临的共性难题,并以徐州贾汪区转型探索经历为例,总结城市转型的"徐州贾汪区模式",主要包括放大正向外部效应、长期坚持矿地融合、大力建设矿区社会生态系统恢复力三条路径。研究结果表明,煤炭城市转型发展的共性问题相互联系、相互影响,是一个系统性难题,必须引入系统性思维。我国东部矿区普遍人口密集,农业发达、沉陷积水是最主要的共性特征,煤炭开采产生的社会问题、经济问题、生态问题、环境问题基本相同,转型发展模式值得互鉴。     

Poly(lactide)/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites by high-shear mixing

There is currently considerable interest in developing stiff, strong, tough, and heat resistant poly(lactide) (PLA) based materials with improved melt elasticity in response to the increasing demand for sustainable plastics. However, simultaneous optimization of stiffness, strength, and toughness is a challenge for any material, and commercial PLA is well-known to be inherently brittle and temperature-sensitive and to show poor melt elasticity. In this study, we report that high-shear mixing with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) leads to significant improvements in the toughness, heat resistance, and melt elasticity of PLA while further enhancing its already outstanding room temperature stiffness and strength. This is evidenced by (i) one-fold increase in the elastic modulus (6.48 GPa), (ii) 43% increase in the tensile strength (87.1 MPa), (iii) one-fold increase in the strain at break (∼6%), (iv) two-fold increase in the impact strength (44.2 kJ/m²), (v) 113-fold increase in the storage modulus at 90°C (787.8 MPa), and (vi) 10³-fold increase in the melt elasticity at 190°C and 1 rad/s (∼10⁵ Pa) via the addition of 30 wt% CNC. It is hence possible to produce industrially viable, stiff, strong, tough, and heat resistant green materials with improved melt elasticity through high-shear mixing.     

Authenticity green coffee bean species and geographical origin using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

To prevent the adulteration of agricultural resources and provide a solution to enhance the green coffee bean supply chain, authentication using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique was investigated. Partial least square with discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models combined with various preprocessing methods were built from NIR spectra of 153 Vietnamese green coffee samples. The model combined with the standard normal variate and the first order of derivative yielded excellent performance in predicting coffee species with the error cross-validation of 0.0261. PLS-DA model of mean centre and first-order derivative spectra also yielded good performance in verifying geographical indication of green coffee with the error of 0.0656. By contrast, the predicting abilities of post-harvest methods were poor. The overall results showed a high potential of the NIRS in online authentication practices.     

Green Measurements for Software Product Based on Sustainability Dimensions

Software is a central component in the modern world and vastly affects the environment’s sustainability. The demand for energy and resource requirements is rising when producing hardware and software units. Literature study reveals that many studies focused on green hardware; however, limited efforts were made in the greenness of software products. Green software products are necessary to solve the issues and problems related to the long-term use of software, especially from a sustainability perspective. Without a proper mechanism for measuring the greenness of a particular software product executed in a specific environment, the mentioned benefits will not be attained. Currently, there are not enough works to address this problem, and the green status of software products is uncertain and unsure. This paper aims to identify the green measurements based on sustainable dimensions in a software product. The second objective is to reveal the relationships between the elements and measurements through empirical study. The study is conducted in two phases. The first phase is the theoretical phase, where the main components, measurements and practices that influence the sustainability of a software product are identified. The second phase is the empirical study that involved 103 respondents in Malaysia investigating current practices of green software in the industrial environment and further identifying the main sustainability dimensions and measurements and their impact on achieving green software products. This study has revealed seven green measurements of software product: Productivity, Usability, Cost Reduction, Employee Support, Energy Efficiency, Resource Efficiency and Tool Support. The relationships are statistically significant, with a significance level of less than 0.01 (p = 0.000). Thus, the hypothesised relationships were all accepted. The contributions of this study revolve around the research perspectives of the measurements to attain a green software product.     

基于公众心理健康视角的绿色空间研究与展望

增进公众心理健康与福祉是人类面临的重要公共卫生课题,以促进心理健康为目标的绿色空间规划设计是健康城市建设的关键。基于Web of Science(WoS)数据库核心合集的英文文献,从绿色空间对心理健康的影响因素、影响机制与测度方法3个方面,梳理绿色空间与公众心理健康关联性研究的进展。既有研究表明:绿色空间与心理健康之间存在多因素混合、多机制协同作用;绿地自身特征与暴露特征主要通过3种间接途径产生心理健康效益,并受到个人与社会因素的调节。考虑既有研究在指标阈值与因果权重中的争议,以及在学科融合、指标选取及数据获取与分析方面的局限,建议未来研究在加强跨领域学科融合、细化绿地属性特征、关注个体属性与行为、进行纵向与实验研究、引入智能新技术等方面予以完善。     

绿色化学工程与工艺对化学工业节能的促进性分析

近几年我国经济水平不断发展,科学技术得以广泛应用,随之而来的是由于化学发展而引起的环境污染问题。通过分析化学研究过程中发生的化学反应以及现象都是未知性的,所以在化学反应中可能会对人类以及环境产生有害的物质,要想有效减少危害物质的发生,必须要发展绿色化学工程以及相关工艺,这也是当前化学研究工作者急需解决的重点问题。所以必须要构建绿色化学,能够从源头上控制化学反应中的原料,使用应用无害反应物以及溶剂、催化剂等,能够有效减少对不可再生资源的使用量,通过提出绿色化学工程概念,一定程度上的缓解了化工材料对于生态环境的污染,切实提高了化学工业的能源利用效率。分析了探究绿色工艺以及绿色化学的主要操作工艺,并提出绿色化学工程与工艺对节能降耗产生的积极作用。     

餐厨废油脂一步合成钙皂

开发了一种利用餐厨废油脂和氧化钙,在双氧水的催化作用下直接合成金属钙皂的环境友好方法。采用单因素试验优化了皂化温度、皂化时间、物料比、油水比和催化剂用量。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,即皂化温度90～95℃、皂化时间4. 0～6. 0 h、催化剂(H_2O_2)用量10 m L(50 g餐厨废油脂)、物料比(餐厨废油脂与氧化钙质量比) 50∶7、油水比(质量比) 1∶4. 5时,皂化率达到95%以上。产品为干燥粒状固体,钙含量为7. 31%,游离酸含量为0. 12%,熔点为131～138℃。     

中国钢铁产品全生命周期评价理论与实践

阐述了全生命周期评价的基本原理和内涵，分析了全生命周期评价在国内外钢铁行业的应用现状、差距及研究进展情况，论述了钢铁企业开展全生命周期评价的重要意义，研究了中国政府、行业协会、钢铁企业、咨询机构等在推进绿色设计产品评价技术规范系列标准等方面开展的相关工作。提出钢铁行业全生命周期评价推广与应用的具体建议，探讨了发展方向，对钢铁企业开展生命周期评价具有一定的指导意义。     

高效液相法测定水产品中孔雀石绿含量的不确定度评定

目的 评定高效液相法测定水产品中孔雀石绿(MG)含量的不确定度。方法 通过建立数学模型, 对高效液相法测定水产品中孔雀石绿含量进行不确定度评定, 分析不确定来源及其对测定过程中不确定度的相对贡献, 并计算合成不确定度, 最终得到水产品中孔雀石绿的扩展不确定度。结果 当水产品中孔雀石绿含量为1.8822 ug/kg时, 在95%的置信区间下, 合成不确定度为0.09644 ug/kg, 扩展不确定度为0.19288 ug/kg (k=2)。结论 本文如实分析高效液相法测定水产品中孔雀石绿含量的不确定度, 评定结果表明, 实验过程的不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合, 仪器重复测量和标准溶液配制以及试样定容体积。本文为以后的检测工作提供可行性建议。     

4种烹饪方式对草鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物消减的影响

目的探讨煮、蒸、炸和微波等4种烹饪方式对草鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物消减的影响。方法在空白草鱼肉中添加孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫和隐色结晶紫后,分别用4种方式烹饪,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱测定药物的含量。结果结果表明:经过炸、微波、煮和蒸等烹饪方法处理后,鱼肉中的药物浓度分别降低了79.8%～93.7%、69.4%～91.2%、72.0%～86.2%和69.6%～77.8%。相同的烹饪方式,原药的消减速度均高于代谢物,药物的消减速率顺序为:炸微波煮蒸。结论高温加热能促进孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物的消减。