Synergistic fire-retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod-like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer-modified bitumen roofing membranes

A novel intumescent (carbonization, acid donor and foaming) fire retardant that mimics carbon nanotubes was introduced into bitumen roofing and characterized using cone calorimetry as the main analytical tool. The experimental results indicate that 18% (by mass) attapulgite mineral (ATTP) mixed with base bitumen decreased the peak heat release rate per unit area (pHRRPUA) by 10%. Further, incorporation of melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) decreased the pHRRPUA by 52% and a mixture of these (3:1, ATTP:MAPP) decreased the pHRRPUA by 25% as compared to adding CaCO₃ as a filler. The residual mass loss after the cone test was also improved with up to 3%. The indication of a positive synergistic flame retardant effect of the ATTP-MAPP mixture is supported by thermogravimetric analysis. The addition of this rod-like mineral improved the general fire retardant properties of the base bitumen and increased the viscosity. Therefore, the polymer-modified bitumen with both fire retardant and rheological properties (providing mechanical strength) is a promising novel approach in the design of bitumen roofing membranes.     

Surface sedimentation and adherence of Nano‐SiO2 to improve thermal stability and flame resistance of melamine‐formaldehyde foam via sol‐gel method

Melamine‐formaldehyde foam possesses intrinsic flame retardance; however, relative poor thermal stability and a certain amount of heat release rate restrict its applications in heated environment to a degree. In the present research, sol‐gel method has been adopted to precipitate nano‐SiO₂ particles on the surface of the melamine‐formaldehyde foam's fibers to construct a protective inorganic gel layer. Taking advantages of the shielding effects of the gel layer, the thermal‐oxygen degradation of the foam can be greatly retarded during heating; hence, the thermal stability is remarkably improved, and the flame retardance is further enhanced. In addition, introducing a small amount of membrane‐forming agent in the sol‐gel system can make the depositional nano‐SiO₂ particles well adhered to avoid dusting.     

Modifying Crystallinity,Morphology, and Photophysical Properties of Carbon Nitride by Using Crystals as Reactants

Here we show a general method to improve the crystallinity of carbon nitride nanosheets by using melamine crystals as reactants for the high temperature synthesis. Additionally, the crystals were calcined in a sealed ampoule, which provides a pressurized environment, yielding crystalline carbon nitride nanosheets that display altered morphology and photophysical properties compared to the reference materials. Electronic microscopy, optical and photoelectrochemical measurements prove the modifications of parameters such like band structure, charge recombination or inter-layer distance. The new growth strategy presented here opens many opportunities for the design of crystalline materials with tailored properties for different applications.     

密胺树脂强化“脱硫石膏-玻纤”的成型过程与机制

为了资源化利用烟气脱硫产生的工业废弃物脱硫石膏,以密胺树脂强化的脱硫石膏-纤维复合体系为研究对象,将密胺树脂固化成型条件与石膏的水化成型过程进行匹配与优化,发展出具有优异综合性能的石膏复合板材.结果表明:密胺树脂的固化交联与石膏晶须生长过程的合理匹配与协同,既有助于形成有机-无机紧密结合,同时也有助于加强脱硫石膏晶须与玻璃纤维之间的附着,促进实现密胺树脂对材料性能的强化;石膏复合板的抗折强度不低于18 MPa,抗压强度大于25 MPa,弹性模量大于6500 MPa,24 h吸水率低于3.0%,主要性能超过传统的水泥或硅酸钙类型的基础板材,具有明显的技术及市场开发前景.     

二硫代焦磷酸酯微胶囊阻燃PVA纤维的制备及性能

采用原位聚合的方法制备了以新戊二醇二硫代焦磷酸酯(DDPS)为核、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)为壳的阻燃微胶囊(MDDPS),分别将DDPS和MDDPS无卤阻燃剂与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混纺丝,制备了无卤阻燃PVA纤维;表征了MDDPS的结构及形貌,研究了纯PVA纤维、DDPS/PVA纤维、MDDPS/PVA纤维的力学性能、阻燃性能、热稳定性、燃烧前后的形貌。结果表明:微胶囊MDDPS的平均粒径增大至7.82μm,仍能满足共混纺丝要求;DDPS及MDDPS的加入,PVA纤维力学性能下降;MDDPS/PVA纤维阻燃性能较好,极限氧指数达31.3%,燃烧时膨胀较为明显,且600℃时残炭率达到19.1%,炭层较为致密,有气泡产生,释放不燃性气体阻止了燃烧。     

Addition of carbon black NIR absorber to galvanised steel primer systems: Influence on NIR cure of polyester melamine topcoats and corrosion protection characteristics

Near infrared (NIR) is becoming a popular option for rapid cure of coatings in the coil coating industry particularly where fast line speeds are required. The technology has the potential to reduce the cure time of a 20 μm polyester coating on a galvanised steel substrate from around 30 s via conventional heating methods down to <10 s under the lamps. Previous work suggested that the ideal situation in this case is to have a topcoat which is slightly transparent to NIR and an absorbing substrate to heat the coating from the substrate outwards in a two stage process which separates solvent removal from cross linking and film formation. This can be taken further by tinting the primer layer with a pigment that absorbs in the NIR region. In this study spectroscopy was used to show that a coated steel system could appear white in the visible region because of the reflectance of TiO₂ but the NIR absorption could be altered by adding absorbing pigments such as carbon black. Lamp settings could be reduced by 20% to achieve equivalent cure with tinted primer systems. The potential degradation in corrosion protection afforded by carbon-black containing pigments at various loadings was assessed for model organic coatings applied to galvanised steel specimens. In situ scanning Kelvin probe studies showed that rates of corrosion-driven coating delamination by cathodic disbondment remained unchanged by pigment loadings of up to 3.5 wt%.     

三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物的理论研究

三聚氰胺为模板,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,采用量子化学理论研究了三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物的形成机理,使用计算机模拟软件计算了三聚氰胺、甲基丙烯酸及三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物的分子结构、能量及键长键角,并讨论计算结果。结果表明三聚氰胺和甲基丙烯酸之间形成了很强的氢键     

无卤阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能研究

以多元醇、二异氰酸酯、聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MA)等为原料,采用一步法,制得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。研究了不同阻燃剂的用量对聚氨酯泡沫的力学性能、热性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,材料拉伸强度随阻燃剂添加量的增加而增加;材料的极限氧指数和在500℃时的分解残留量均随复合阻燃剂添加量的增加先增大后减小;APP/MA复合阻燃剂的效果好于单组分APP。     

密胺塑料中三聚氰胺在食品模拟物中的迁移规律研究

采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,研究食品模拟物种类、接触时间、接触温度、乙酸浓度、乙醇浓度、重复使用和微波加热等迁移条件下,密胺塑料中三聚氰胺在水、4%乙酸(w/v)、10%乙醇(v/v)、95%乙醇(V/V)和异辛烷等5种食品模拟物和牛奶样品中的迁移规律。结果表明:模拟物的属性对迁移行为有显著影响,迁移量随温度的升高和时间的增加而变大。酸性食品和牛奶中的三聚氰胺迁移风险较高,且需控制密胺塑料的使用温度、盛放时间、重复使用次数及微波加热功率和时间以降低密胺塑料中三聚氰胺迁移风险。     

Mechanism of smoke suppression by melamine in rigid polyurethane foam

The smoke suppression of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) modified by melamine was investigated based on three sections: the condensed phase, the carbon layer, and the gas phase. In the condensed phase, the results of thermogravimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) N1S spectrum, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that melamine could suppress the degradation of RPUF by reacting with the aromatic hydrocarbons. It also reduced the smoke generation because the volatilizable aromatic hydrocarbons were the principal smoke precursors in a fire. In the carbon layer, the decrease from 38.50% to 24.76% of the inner layer oxygen content identified by XPS full‐spectrum and C1S spectrum indicated that melamine could prevent oxygen from transferring into the inner foam by the formation of an enhanced surface carbon layer, and the enhanced carbon layer could also block the release of smoke precursors. In the gas phase, the content of total aromatic hydrocarbons declined to 59.12% according to pyrolysis gaseous chromatography mass spectroscopy and indicated that melamine could reduce the smoke precursors. The results of smoke density chamber and cone calorimeter tests revealed that the addition of the melamine could decrease the smoke density of burning RPUF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.