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1.
叶黄素是一种含氧的类胡萝卜素,适量摄入叶黄素可以减少白内障的发生,叶黄素还可以调节人和动物的免疫能力并且具有预防癌症的作用,但是,叶黄素的低水溶性限制了其在食品和制药行业中的应用。本文研究了利用巯基-烯点击化学法对叶黄素进行亲水性修饰,为叶黄素的化学改性提供了一种新方法。首先以三乙胺为缚酸剂,使叶黄素与丙烯酰氯酯化反应得到两端以乙烯基为端基的中间体,再在紫外光照射下以2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮为催化剂,使中间体与L-半胱氨酸通过巯基-烯点击化学反应在叶黄素的两端引入亲水性的氨基和羧基,得到两亲性叶黄素。通过UV、IR对产物进行表征,结果表明成功合成了两亲性叶黄素,通过TEM观察两亲性叶黄素在水中自组装形成球形胶束,平均粒径为85nm,有望会大大增加叶黄素在生物体内的吸收率。  相似文献   
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Acid gels and yoghurts were made from goat milk that was heated at 72°C/30 s, 85°C/5 min, and 95°C/5 min, followed by acidification with starter culture at 43C until pH 4.6. The rheological and textural properties of acid gels and yoghurts were analyzed using dynamic low amplitude oscillatory rheology and back extrusion texture analysis, respectively. The effect of goat milk heat treatment on the mean casein micelle diameter and protein profile was also determined by dynamic light scattering and SDS PAGE electrophoresis, respectively. The shortest gelation and fermentation time was recorded for yoghurt prepared from milk heated at 85°C/5 min. Also, the pH of gelation, the storage moduli (G′) and yield stress were higher for this yoghurt, compared with the other two. Textural properties of goat milk yoghurts such as firmness and consistency were strongly affected by milk heat treatment, and the highest values were recorded for yoghurt produced from milk preheated at 85°C/5 min, as well. The largest casein micelles were measured after 85°C/5 min treatment and their size decreased at higher temperature, despite higher denaturation of whey proteins at the most intense heat regime, indicating the structure changes that influence on the acid gelation.  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

We report a reverse-micelle emulsion polymerization of nanostructured PANI using a nonionic surfactant Polyglyceryl-2-Dipolyhydroxystearate (PGPH) at various concentrations from 2% to 6% (v/v). SEM images show that the obtained morphologies are irregular agglomerates at low PGPH concentration and relatively regular granules at high PGPH concentration. FTIR and Raman spectra show that the synthesized PANI is in the form of Emeraldine salt (PANI ES) with electrical conductivity around 10?3 S cm?1. Photovoltaic current-voltage (J-V) measurements show the highest power conversion efficiency is achieved at 1.71% at 6% (v/v) of PGPH.  相似文献   
5.
裴小丽  刘学民 《精细化工》2015,32(3):277-280
以辛酸、二乙烯三胺为原料,氢氧化钾作催化剂,经酰胺化反应合成了中间体N,N-双辛酰胺乙基胺,将其溶解在甲苯-丙酮中再与过量的1,4-丁烷磺内酯反应,多次提纯后得到双辛酰胺乙基丁烷磺酸盐表面活性剂。采用FT-IR、ESI-MS、1HNMR对合成的中间体和目标产物进行了结构表征。使用悬滴法测试了所合成的表面活性剂在不同温度下的表面张力,结果表明,在25℃时该表面活性剂临界胶束浓度CMC为1.41×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力γCMC为26.78 m N/m,且随着温度的升高,CMC增加,γCMC、最大吸附量Γmax下降。加入0.2 mol/L的Na Cl后,CMC减小到4.20×10-4mol/L,γCMC下降为25.51 m N/m。  相似文献   
6.
聚氨酯材料具有生物相容性好、合成简单且分子结构可设计性强等优点,不可降解的聚氨酯材料在生物医学领域已经得到应用。目前可生物降解聚氨酯纳米胶束用作药物载体的研究受到广泛关注。本综述主要从生物相容性、刺激响应性、靶向作用、细胞摄取能力强的聚氨酯纳米胶束这几个方面,介绍了作为药物载体的可生物降解聚氨酯纳米胶束的研究进展。  相似文献   
7.
A polymeric hybrid micelle (PHM) system with highly tunable properties is reported to co‐deliver small molecule and nucleic acid drugs for cancer therapy; this system is structurally simple and easy‐to‐fabricate. The PHM consists of two amphiphilic diblock copolymers, polycaprolactone‐polyethylenimine (PCL‐PEI) and polycaprolactone‐polyethyleneglycol (PCL‐PEG). PHMs are rationally designed with different physicochemical properties by simply adjusting the ratio of the two diblock copolymers and the near neutral PHM‐2 containing a low ratio of PCL‐PEI achieves the optimal balance between high tumor distribution and subsequent cellular uptake after intravenous injection. Encapsulating Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor vismodegib (VIS) and microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) into PHM‐2 generates the VIS/PHM‐2/34a co‐delivery system. VIS/PHM‐2/34a shows synergistic anticancer efficacy in murine B16F10‐CD44+ cells, a highly metastatic tumor model of melanoma. VIS/PHM‐2/34a synergistically attenuates the expression of CD44, a vital receptor indicating the metastasis of melanoma. Intriguingly, inhibiting Hh pathway by VIS is accompanied by downregulation of CD44 expression, revealing that Hh signaling might be an upstream regulator of CD44 expression in melanoma. Thus, co‐delivery of miR‐34a and VIS demonstrates great potential in cancer therapy, and PHM offers a structurally simple and highly tunable platform for the co‐delivery of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs in tumor combination therapy.  相似文献   
8.
在酸性体系中采用阴极扫描伏安和计时电流等电化学测试方法,研究添加十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对铜电沉积过程的影响机理。结果表明:SDS的添加使沉积电位正移,降低了阴极极化。SDS浓度低于临界胶束浓度1g/L时,铜的成核弛豫时间延长,形核速率降低。SDS浓度高于临界胶束浓度时,形成SDS球状胶束,铜的成核弛豫时间减少,形核速率加快。铜晶核形成过程符合Scharitker?Hill 三维成核/生长机制,当SDS为1g/L时,在-0.2V的低过电位区,铜结晶按渐进成核方式进行,在-0.23--0.28V的高过电位区,铜结晶按瞬时成核方式进行。而当SDS为0.5g/L时,铜在-0.2V--0.25V的低电位区和在-0.28V的高电位区均符合渐进成核。  相似文献   
9.
Heating, pressurization, and shearing can modify native milk proteins. The effects of pressurized heating (0.5 vs. 10 MPa at 75 or 95°C) with shearing (1,000 s?1) on proteins of raw bovine skim milk (SM, ~9% total solids) and concentrated raw skim milk (CSM, ~22% total solids) was investigated. The effects of evaporative concentration at 55°C and pressurized shearing (10 MPa, 1,000 s?1) at 20°C were also examined. Evaporative concentration of SM resulted in destabilization of casein micelles and dissociation of αS1- and β-casein, rendering CSM prone to further reactions. Treatment at 10 MPa and 1,000 s?1 at 20°C caused substantial dissociation of αS1- and β-casein in SM and CSM, with some dissociated caseins forming shear-induced soluble aggregates in CSM. The pressure applied at 10 MPa induced compression of the micelles and their dissociation in SM and CSM at 75 or 95°C, resulting in reduction of the micelle size. However, 10 MPa did not alter the mineral balance or whey proteins denaturation largely, except by reduction of some β-sheets and α-helices, due to heat-induced conformational changes at 75 and 95°C.  相似文献   
10.
辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(曲拉通X-114)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)之间的相互作用能对水溶液中曲拉通X-114的紫外光谱产生明显影响。实验结果表明,在200~350nm范围内,曲拉通X-114的最大吸收波长为223nm,AEO-9的紫外吸光度接近于0;在水溶液中,AEO-9能减弱曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度,降幅达3.4%;AEO-9还能显著降低曲拉通X-114的表观临界胶束浓度(cmc),当AEO-9的浓度从0增加到0.050mmol/L 和0.100mmol/L时,曲拉通X-114的表观cmc从0.219mmol/L分别降至0.207mmol/L和0.202mmol/L。实验结果进一步表明,β-环糊精(β-CD)能有效降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的紫外吸光度及表观cmc的影响,在曲拉通 X-114和AEO-9复配水溶液中,按物质的量比1∶1加入β-CD,复配水溶液中曲拉通X-114的回收率从95.8%~103.3%变化至99.0%~100.1%,表明了β-CD能明显降低AEO-9对曲拉通X-114的干扰作用。红外光谱表征结果(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱表征(1H NMR)及热重差热分析表征结果(TG-DSC)表明,曲拉通X-114进入β-CD 分子空腔并形成包结物,是阻断曲拉通X-114分子形成混合胶束以及消除AEO对曲拉通X-114的干扰的主要原因。  相似文献   
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