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1.
Well-sintered CaO granules with hydration resistance are very important for the manufacturing and application of CaO-containing refractories. CaO granules with sol-processed metal oxide protective layers were prepared by granulation and surface treatment. The obtained results indicated that the usage of nano sol greatly improved the hydration resistance of CaO granules, especially when the CaO granules were treated by alumina sol. The promoting effect of nano sols in the sintering processes improved the density of CaO granules. Nanoparticles reacted with lime at lower temperature and a new phase was formed uniformly in the treated layer, which promoted densification of the treated layer. The grain size of CaO granules in the treated layer was increased obviously with the promotion of sintering. Moreover, nanoparticles were favorable for the formation of direct bonding between CaO grains by decreasing the dihedral angle.  相似文献   
2.
Considering the advent of antibiotic resistance, the study of bacterial metabolic behavior stimulated by novel antimicrobial agents becomes a relevant tool to elucidate involved adaptive pathways. Profiling of volatile metabolites was performed to monitor alterations of bacterial metabolism induced by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from pressure ulcers, and their cultures were prepared in the presence/absence of bio-AgNPs at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg mL−1. Headspace solid phase microextraction associated to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was the employed analytical platform. At the lower concentration level, the agent promoted positive modulation of products of fermentation routes and bioactive volatiles, indicating an attempt of bacteria to adapt to an ongoing suppression of cellular respiration. Augmented response of aldehydes and other possible products of lipid oxidative cleavage was noticed for increasing levels of bio-AgNPs. The greatest concentration of agent caused a reduction of 44 to 80% in the variety of compounds found in the control samples. Pathway analysis indicated overall inhibition of amino acids and fatty acids routes. The present assessment may provide a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of bio-AgNPs and how the metabolic response of bacteria is untangled.  相似文献   
3.
An ecofriendly and biodegradable porous structure was prepared from drying aqueous foams based on nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC), extracted from softwood pulp by subcritical water/CO2 treatment (SC-NFC). The primary aim of this work was to use the modified SC-NFC as stabilizer for a water-based Pickering emulsion which upon drying, yielded porous cellulosic materials, a good dye adsorbent. In order to exploit the carboxymethylated SC-NFC (CMSC-NFC, with a degree of substitution of 0.35 and a charge density of 649 μeqv/g) as a stabilizer for water-based Pickering emulsion in subsequent step, an optimized quantity of octyl amine (30 mg/g of SC-NFC) was added to make them partially hydrophobic. A series of dry foam structures were prepared by varying the concentrations of treated CMSC-NFCs and 4 wt% was found to be the optimum concentration to yield foam with high porosity (99%) and low density (0.038 g/cc) along with high compression strength (0.24 MPa), superior to the conventionally extracted NFC. The foams were applied to capture as high as 98% of methylene blue dyes, making them a potential green candidate for treating industrial effluent. In addition, the dye adsorption kinetics and isotherms were found to be well suited with second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models.  相似文献   
4.
In this work, one step process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Agnp) embedded in insitu formed calcium alginate (CA) beads is stated. CA, formed from the reaction between sodium alginate and calcium hydroxide, acts as reducing and stabilizing agent as well as support for nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for the formation and stabilization of Agnp is proposed where the vicinal dihydroxy groups of alginate are assumed to act as the reducing agent for Ag+ to Ag°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to characterize the Agnp. The formation of spherical nanoparticles with average size range of 4‐5 nm was confirmed by TEM. Catalytic activity of this nano silver‐calcium alginate (Agnp‐CA) composite was evaluated in the reduction of p‐nitrophenol. Concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium hydroxide, and AgNO3 are found to be the parameters that critically affect the synthesis of Agnp. The efficacy of the catalyst is expressed on the basis of suitable reaction parameters. Both pseudo‐homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic models are proposed for the reaction to find the best model and the Eley‐Riedel model is found to fit well with the experimental data. The novelty of this work is that the tandem process of CA bead formation, Agnp formation, and Agnp entrapment in CA have been transformed into a single‐step process. Moreover, elaborations of each step of the ionic mechanisms of Agnp formation and p‐NP reduction with Agnp and the establishment of a heterogeneous kinetic model for the reaction are reported for the first time here.  相似文献   
5.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(23):32610-32618
AA7075 + 6%B4C+3%ZrC nano hybrid composite was successfully fabricated, with nano reinforcements composition in AA7075 alloy selected based on previous investigation, to achieve better mechanical performance. Two different sintering techniques, namely conventional and microwave, were implemented to determine the effect on microstructural and mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation was performed with the help of W-SEM. Tensile, compression, and hardness were measured with the help of UTM and Vickers microhardness machine. Porosity was calculated by using Archimedes principle. It was observed that the added nano ZrC particles formed agglomerates and the B4C particles were distributed homogenously. Composites processed by microwave sintering showed excellent mechanical properties compared to the conventionally sintered composites. No intermetallic compounds were detected in microwave sintered composites through XRD analysis, indicating strong and clean interface bonds between matrix and reinforcement particles. High strain to fracture value of 12.24% was noted in microwave sintered nano hybrid composite, while it was 6.12% for conventional sintered one. Fractography revealed no peeling action of reinforcements from the matrix material, and the mode of failure was brittle. It was concluded that, while fabricating nano range hybrid composites, the implementation of advanced sintering technique (microwave sintering) with low sintering temperatures and low sintering times with internal heat generations, helps in eliminating defects that may develop because of high surface energies of nano range reinforcements.  相似文献   
6.
魏永强  游业豪  蒋志强 《表面技术》2021,50(12):311-319
目的 研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜结构和性能的影响,优化工艺参数,以提高薄膜的性能.方法 采用脉冲偏压电弧离子镀,在M2高速钢和单晶硅基底上以不同脉冲偏压频率沉积TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪,研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜的表面形貌、元素成分、截面形貌、相结构和纳米硬度的影响.结果 TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面的大颗粒直径主要集中在1μm以下,随着脉冲偏压频率的变化,大颗粒的数量为184~234,所占面积为40.686~63.87μm2;主要元素为Ti元素和N元素,所占原子比分别为48%和50%,Si和Al元素的含量较少;多层结构不明显,截面形貌可观察到柱状晶的细化,80 kHz时出现片状化结构;以(111)晶面为择优取向,晶粒尺寸在20 nm左右;纳米硬度为28.3~32.3 GPa,弹性模量为262.5~286.8 GPa.结论 50 kHz时,TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面大颗粒的数量最少,为184个;70 kHz时大颗粒所占面积最小,为40.686μm2;晶粒尺寸在50~60 kHz时发生细化,60 kHz时,晶粒尺寸达到最小值19.366 nm,纳米硬度和弹性模量分别达到最大值32.3 GPa和308.6 GPa,脉冲偏压频率的最佳频率范围为50~70 kHz.  相似文献   
7.
采用双转子连续混炼挤出机与微纳层叠共挤出成型设备制备了聚丙烯/聚酰胺6/碳纳米管(PP/PA6/CNTs)复合材料和原位微纤复合膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、流变仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、万能拉伸试验机及电阻测试仪对其微观结构、流变性能、结晶性能、力学性能和导电性能进行了表征。结果表明,与共混相比,微纳层叠共挤出法使得分散相PA6/CNTs形成了微纤,微纤的形成不仅提升了复合膜的动态流变性能,并且增加了基体PP相的结晶度,提高了PA6相的结晶温度,提升了复合膜的结晶性能;当CNTs含量为0.5 %(质量分数,下同)时,复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为42.17 MPa和857.82 %,体积电阻率(R)下降到104 Ω·cm,综合力学性能和导电性能达到最佳。  相似文献   
8.
采用端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)剥离层状有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为纳米片层,并与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等单体通过原位聚合法制备了OMMT纳米片改性的水性聚氨酯(OWPU)纳米乳液及胶膜。利用小角XRD、TEM、DLS、EDS、TGA、LOI、CONE以及SEM对样品的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,HTPB剥离的OMMT纳米片的衬度均匀,完整性较好;改性后OWPU的乳液粒径增大,胶膜的弹性模量、热稳定性、抗熔滴性和阻燃性能均得到明显地改善,其中弹性模量可提高59.4%,热释放速率峰值可降低36.9%;燃烧炭渣表面形貌显示,瓦片状蒙脱土相互穿插形成了具有团簇结构的蒙脱土覆盖层。  相似文献   
9.
Ferroelectric BaTiO3 was combined with Ag nanoparticles for piezocatalytic and photocatalytic viewpoints. Microstructural characterization (X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy images) revealed that the Ag was successfully bounded with BaTiO3. X-ray photoelectron spectrum also confirmed the presence of Ag. Further, its performance was examined for dye degradation under visible light (for photocatalysis) and ultrasonication (for piezocatalysis). In both the catalysis processes, there was a significant improvement in Ag-loaded BaTiO3 sample-based catalytic reactions. Catalytic performance was evaluated for multiple cycles and was found consistent. Scavenger tests were also performed to understand catalytic reactions.  相似文献   
10.
Due to the low concentration of silver in water, most of the cellulose adsorbents exhibited low removal efficiency, which greatly limited their practical applications. Herein, a cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbamide (CAT) was fabricated for reducing and adsorbing silver ions from low concentration wastewater. The characterization results concluded that CAT owned a three-dimensional spongy structure with many circular microspheres and a better specific surface area (19.37 m2 g−1), as well as the functional groups of ─C═N+─H and ─(C═S)─N. The static batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that CAT could reached the maximum removal percentage of 94.94% and adsorption capacity of 42.12 mg g−1 under the initial concentration of Ag(I) was 15 mg L−1 and the pH value was 7. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Ag(I) on CAT was second-order reaction, and the Langmuir model could better fit the adsorption process. In addition, CAT exhibited wide pH values (1–9) adaptability and excellent adsorption performance for silver through electrostatic interaction, chelation, and reduction. This study probably provides a new method as well as important experimental data and theoretical reference for the removal of silver ions and other metals.  相似文献   
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