Effect of matrix−nanoparticle supramolecular interactions on the morphology and mechanical properties of polymer foams

In this study, we report the fabrication of supramolecular polymer nanocomposite foams with a uniform cell structure, high cell density and high expansion ratio using a soft matrix of poly(methyl acrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and silica nanoparticle fillers, both functionalized with ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) supramolecular groups. Microcellular structures were formed using a batch foaming process at 90 °C under a 9 MPa nitrogen atmosphere. Nanocomposites were characterized and compared before and after the foaming process to investigate the effect of supramolecular interactions on the thermomechanical properties and morphology of the foams. TEM images revealed that while strong inter‐filler supramolecular interactions do not have a positive effect on their dispersion state, matrix?filler interactions derived from hydrogen bonding UPy motifs result in a rather uniform distribution of nanoparticles. Competing filler?filler and matrix?filler supramolecular interactions can be balanced and optimized by adjusting UPy populations along the chains and on the surface of nanoparticles. At a given chain functionality, increasing the nanoparticle loading up to an optimum concentration improves the mechanical properties and formability of the system. Above such concentration strong interactions between fillers, which are not compensated by the matrix, result in large aggregates and consequently undermine the material performance. Supramolecular polymer foams illustrate a similar thermal and viscoelastic behavior to that of neat samples but after foaming, due to the formation of a cellular structure and rearrangement or dissociation of UPy dimers under the foaming conditions, the elastic modulus is reduced. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米二氧化硅透水混凝土新拌流变及硬化性能

针对传统透水混凝土工作性能不佳和强度偏低的问题,研究了纳米二氧化硅改性透水混凝土的新拌流变性能与硬化性能.结果表明:纳米二氧化硅能够改善新拌透水混凝土中浆体的黏聚性并减少振动时浆体的向下流动,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数达到1.00%时,透水混凝土中浆体的塑性黏度和触变环面积分别提高了64.74%和235.96%;纳米二氧化硅能够通过提高浆体强度来改善透水混凝土的抗压强度,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数超过0.50%后,其对透水混凝土抗压强度的增强效果不再明显;纳米二氧化硅还可以略微提高透水混凝土的透水性能,推测与纳米二氧化硅使得透水混凝土在竖直方向上的孔隙均匀分布有关.     

The characteristics of hot mixed asphalt modified by nanosilica

The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of the hot mixed asphalt modified by 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% nanosilica by weight of binder. Marshall stability, dynamic creep, and indirect tensile tests were used to study effects of nanosilica on performance characteristics of the mixtures. Results showed that nanosilica can improve Marshall stability, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, and fatigue life compared to unmodified mixtures. However, the tensile strength ratio parameter in the moisture sensitivity tests indicated a decrease in the resistance of the modified mixtures against moisture damage.     

Optimization of colloidal nanosilica production from expanded perlite using Taguchi design of experiments

Colloidal nanosilica was prepared from perlite in two stages: production of wet gel and thermal peptization. The influence of acidic and alkaline solutions concentration, temperature and pH of the gel were investigated in wet gel production using Taguchi design of experiments. Effect of the temperature of the peptization process was studied by full factorial design. The purity of the obtained silica gel was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the colloidal silica was characterized by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and N₂ sorption analyses. Results showed that pure colloidal nanosilica with purity of 99% was produced and the particle size of the product was in the range of 8 nm and 74 nm. Specific surface area of dried optimized mesoporous sample was 74.28 m²/g.     

Barrier effect of flame retardant systems in poly(methyl methacrylate): Study of the efficiency of the surface treatment by octylsilane of silica nanoparticles in combination with phosphorous fire retardant additives

In this work, flame retardant systems comprising ammonium polyphosphate (AP423) and hydrophilic (A200) or hydrophobic (R805) nanometric silica were incorporated into PMMA. The following techniques were performed to detail the fire behaviour of the composites: mass loss cone calorimetry, pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microscopic observations. The best fire behaviour was obtained with the surface‐treated silica in the presence of AP423. The formation of a new crystalline phase from the interactions between AP423 and R805 silica and a strong barrier effect due to a layered residue were the main modes of action of this system. Moreover, we have shown that the difference between the AP423 + R805 and AP423 + A200 systems was due to poor dispersion of the silica into the PMMA matrix in the latter formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of colloidal nanosilica from waste glass powder as a low cost precursor

Waste glass powder was used as a low cost precursor for production of colloidal nanosilica for the first time. The process includes production of wet silica gel and thermal peptization of the wet gel. Purification of the glass powder and wet gel production were initiated by acid washing. The obtained powder was reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce wet silica gel. Type of the applied acid was examined in one factor at a time route. Temperature of the alkaline step and concentrations of the applied acid and base were investigated using Taguchi design of experiments. After finding the best combination of the investigated factor levels in production of the wet gel, time of the stabilization in thermal peptization was studied. Characterizations of the wet gel and colloidal silica were performed by XRF, DLS, FESEM, TEM, FTIR and N₂ sorption evaluation. Accordingly pure and stable colloidal nanosilica (98.50%) with average particle size of 21.9?nm was produced from the glass powder successfully. Specific surface area of the dried porous optimum sample was 83.63?m²/g.     

利用BP网络建立稻壳制备高纯纳米SiO2数学模型

为降低纳米SiO2的制备成本,以稻壳为原料,经盐酸预处理、高温燃烧,成功制得了高纯纳米SiO2.通过正交实验和BP神经网络系统研究盐酸体积分数、燃烧温度和燃烧时间的变化对SiO2纯度的影响规律,并采用XRD、FT-IR、BET及FE-SEM对所得到的SiO2样品进行表征.研究表明:影响SiO2纯度的主次因素依次为燃烧温...     

纳米SiO_2接枝改性的研究进展

纳米SiO_2的接枝改性是改善其表面性能,赋予其一定的功能性,发挥其性能优越性以及扩大其应用范围的重要方法.本文介绍了纳米SiO_2各种接枝改性方法及其反应原理,根据各种接枝方法的聚合方式、反应机理对纳米SiO_2的接枝方法进行分类介绍,并阐述其各种接枝方法的最新进展.     

液相法原位修饰纳米SiO_2对ESBR的补强作用

采用原位表面修饰纳米SiO2补强乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR),借助修饰界面与基体作用力的差异,分析了原位表面修饰纳米SiO2对ESBR的补强机理,以及由此引起复合材料力学性能、硫化加工、动态力学性能的变化。实验表明,可反应性纳米SiO2RNS-D对ESBR力学性能具有更好的补强效果;这是因为与可分散性纳米SiO2DNS-2相比,RNS-D表面修饰的双键表现出较强的反应活性,其强劲的界面结合作用和密集的交联结构提高了RNS-D的补强作用,界面作用力的差异也深刻地影响着硫化体系的加工和动态力学性能。     

制备纳米SiO2的配方优化

以工业硅酸钠为原料、盐酸为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂、硅烷偶联剂γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为改性剂,在复合剪切力场下,用化学沉淀法制备了纯纳米SiO2和原位进行改性的改性纳米SiO2。分析了乙醇与水体积比、硅酸钠浓度、盐析剂用量、溶液pH值、改性方法、表面活性剂或改性剂的加入量等对纳米SiO2型貌的影响。对制备纳米SiO2的配方进行了优化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和粒径分析仪等对产品进行表征。结果表明,复合剪切力场下化学沉淀法制备纳米SiO2的优化配方为:乙醇与水的体积比1﹕4,硅酸钠的质量分数约12%,PEG,KH570和氯化钠的质量约为理论制备纳米SiO2所需质量的40%,5%～10%和30%,最佳pH值约等于9。