红土镍矿冶金技术研究进展

如今世界经济迅猛发展,金属镍的需求量也在加速增长。人们主要从硫化镍矿和红土镍矿中提炼金属镍。然而硫化镍矿资源因大规模开发而不断减少,红土镍矿未来将成为镍的主要来源。因此研究红土镍矿的高效开发利用,是当今围绕镍资源研究的热点,对实际生产具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了镍的应用、开发红土镍矿的意义、红土镍矿的矿物学特性、红土镍矿世界范围内的储量和分布,并且列举并分析了红土镍矿的各种冶炼工艺及其优点与不足,同时综述了有关红土镍矿研究的新方法,为红土镍矿高附加值综合利用研究提出思路。     

Effects of acetic acid or sodium acetate infused into the rumen or abomasum on feeding behavior and metabolic response of cows in the postpartum period

Effects of continuous isomolar infusions of acetic acid (AcA) or sodium acetate (NAc) infused into the rumen (RU) or into the abomasum (AB) on feeding behavior, dry matter intake (DMI), and metabolic response of cows in the early postpartum period were evaluated. Six rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows (11.8 ± 3.9 d in milk; mean ± SD) were utilized in a 6 × 6 Latin square design experiment balanced for carryover effects with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were AcA and NAc, with sodium chloride (CON) as a control, infused at a rate of ?0.75 mol/h (0.5 L/h) into the RU or AB for the first 8 h following feeding, with a rest day between infusion days. Treatment sequences were assigned randomly to cows. Feeding behavior was recorded by a computerized data acquisition system and blood was sampled at 0, 4, and 8 h relative to the start of infusion. We hypothesized that AcA is more hypophagic than NAc, and that infusion into the AB is more hypophagic than infusion into the RU. Dry matter intakes (DMI) for the CON treatments were similar at 6.2 kg/8 h for RU and 6.1 kg/8 h for AB, and the AcA and NAc treatments interacted with site of infusion to affect DMI. The NAc-RU treatment did not reduce DMI (7.0 kg/8 h), whereas AcA-RU (2.6 kg/8 h), AcA-AB (3.7 kg/8 h), and NAc-AB (4.0 kg/8 h) decreased DMI compared with CON. Following infusions of AcA compared with NAc, there was a residual effect on DMI for the remainder of the day, but treatments did not affect DMI during the rest day. Treatments increased plasma acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations over time (interaction) and decreased plasma insulin concentration compared with CON. Plasma glucose concentration decreased over time after AcA-AB infusion compared with other treatments and CON. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration increased over time for AcA compared with NAc and CON, suggesting an increase in lipolysis to compensate the decrease in DMI. In contrast to the other treatments, NAc-RU did not decrease DMI compared with control but we cannot determine the reason for this from the data available from the current study.     

The direct,one-step process for synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas. III. DME as a chemical feedstock

In Parts I & II of this Series, we illustrated the process research studies on a new, trendsetting indirect syngas conversion process, the direct, one-step LPDME^tm process, which is now a shining example of “dual catalysis” or “cooperative/adaptive” catalysis and also of thermodynamic/kinetic coupling in series-parallel reactions.

In this part III, we take a look at several processes on the research and pilot scale that employ methanol and DME as chemical feedstocks for further conversion to value-added chemicals. A most rational and cogent argument for the use of DME as a feedstock is that the unit production cost of DME from the direct, one-step DME processes, most notably the LPDME^tm process, can be lower than methanol (from LPMeOH^tm), on a methanol-equivalent basis. DME also has inherently more benign physical and chemical properties, contains 1 less mole of water, and results in a substantially similar product distribution, as methanol, for the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process. DME can also be converted to several other important chemicals; some of these include dimethoxymethane, dimethoxyethane, methylal, formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl acetate, and polyoxymethylene ethers. In this report, we offer a critical assessment of the current status of these processes and a projected path to commercialization. Considering the trendsetting and impactful nature of DME as a chemical entity and as a chemical feedstock, along with its “free” cost, we are of the opinion that the future of DME, and of its chemical conversions, as so-called “DME economy”, is very bright.     

十二烷基硫酸钠修饰NiFe2O4对亚甲基蓝的类芬顿催化氧化性能

采用化学沉淀法制备了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性的纳米酸镍（记为NiFe₂O₄-S），利用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、能谱（EDS）、透射电镜（TEM）、BET比表面等技术手段对样品进行了表征。采用多相芬顿氧化技术，以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟污染物废水，研究了SDS对铁酸镍的改性效果、亚甲基蓝溶液初始pH以及催化剂循环使用等不同条件因素对样品类芬顿催化活性的影响。结果显示，经SDS改性后的NiFe₂O₄-S比纯相NiFe₂O₄表现出了更优异的催化性能，NiFe₂O₄-S对酸性（pH=3.5）、近中性（pH=6.5）和碱性（pH=9.5）的亚甲基蓝溶液均有着较好的催化降解效果；NiFe₂O₄-S具有良好的催化稳定性和重复使用性。对该催化反应体系的作用机理进行了详细探讨，NiFe₂O₄-S表现出优异的类芬顿催化活性归因于更强的电子转移能力，吸附的SDS能促进H₂O₂和 \text{?} {\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\text{-}} 分别与表面Fe³⁺反应将其还原转化为Fe²⁺。·OH是直接分解亚甲基蓝的活性物种，反应中NiFe₂O₄-S表面较高浓度的Fe²⁺可以有效地把H₂O₂分解为·OH。SDS增强了催化剂表面对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力，促进了·OH与亚甲基蓝的分解反应。     

氨基磺酸盐型水性醋酸纤维乳液的制备与性能

采用乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(AAS)作为亲水剂,在二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的催化下,通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)将亲水基引入二醋酸纤维(CA)分子中,制得了一种氨基磺酸盐型水性醋酸纤维乳液(SWCA)。利用FTIR、DLS、黏度计、TEM、SEM、接触角测量仪、XRD、TGA,对SWCA结构及涂膜性能进行表征。考察了IPDI与AAS物质的量比对SWCA乳液粒径、黏度、涂膜表观形貌及耐水性的影响。结果表明:当n(IPDI)∶n(AAS)=1.1∶1时,乳液最稳定,微观形态呈水包油型(O/W)核壳结构,乳液粒径和分散系数(PDI)最小,分别为128nm和0.112,此时乳液表观黏度最大,为73.5m Pa·s,所成涂膜致密平整,接触角可达110.2°±2°,表现出明显的疏水性;此外,与二醋酸纤维相比,SWCA涂膜结晶性减弱,呈微晶态或次晶态结构,且具有较好的耐热性。     

Microstructural and Tribological Behavior of Pulse Electroplated Nickel Barrier on Copper Conductors

The microstructural, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of electroplated Ni on Cu conducting substrates have been investigated in this study. The microstructural studies were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that initially (111) with (220), (200) Ni texture components were predominant in the coating, and increasing the current density from 0.1 to 0.5 A/cm² led to the development of a strong (111) texture. The presence of ultrafine grains coupled with a (111) Ni texture improved the coating microhardness and wear properties significantly. It was shown that with an increase in current density, wear resistance of the coatings improved significantly and the electrical resistivity increased due to the highly populated grain boundaries.     

汽车锁零部件碱性锌镍合金电镀工艺

介绍了汽车锁零部件碱性挂镀锌镍合金电镀生产线的开发过程,包括前期市场调研、中期小槽试验、后期成本核算、电镀工艺流程确定、废水处理工艺制定以及阳极膜应用可行性分析。