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1.
本研究在正交实验的基础上,以清洗前后油渍处宣纸的白度值和pH值为指标,发现温度30 ℃,100 g的质量分数为2.4%的OP-10水溶液,超纯水冲洗量25 g是最佳清洗条件。然后对清洗前后的纸张进行红外光谱(FT-IR)、表面形貌和机械性能的测试,发现清洗后的纸张机械强度有所变化,横、纵向抗张强度由0.883 kN/m和1.13 kN/m分别下降到0.515 kN/m和0.693 kN/m,横、纵向耐折度由5双折次和6双折次分别下降到2双折次和3双折次,横、纵向柔软度从160 mN和230 mN分别下降到120 mN和180 mN。清洗后的植物油油渍颜色变浅、污染范围明显变小,达到了很好地去除植物油油渍的效果。  相似文献   
2.
To reduce the viscosity of viscous crude oil and flow resistance, the effect of a ternary compound system including organic alkali, n-alkanol, and nonionic surfactants on viscous crude oil viscosity reduction was studied. The results showed that n-alkanol effectively reduced the droplet size of an emulsion and the viscosity of viscous crude oil and improved the fluidity of viscous crude oil. Of the low-carbon n-alkanols, n-pentanol has the best viscosity-reducing effect. The organic alkali avoids the phenomenon of fouling and corrosion caused by inorganic alkali and reacts with the acidic macromolecular components in viscous crude oil to generate alkanolamides, which produce synergistic effects with nonionic surfactants and reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. In the ternary compound of organic alkali, n-alkanol, and nonionic surfactant, the viscosity reduction effect of viscous crude oil is significantly enhanced compared with that of a single reagent. The viscosity reduction rate of viscous crude oil of the diethanolamine ternary compound system reached 98.1% and was the best choice by experimental validation. It is shown that a reasonable formula of compound system and dosage can significantly reduce the viscosity of viscous crude oil.  相似文献   
3.
化学机械抛光是集成电路制造工艺中十分精密的技术。在本文中,为了改善抛光效果,分表讨论了非离子表面活性剂和氧化剂在CMP过程中作用。我们主要分析了非离子表面活性剂对片内非均匀性和表面粗糙度的影响。同时,我们从静态腐蚀速率、电化学曲线和剩余高低差的角度,讨论了在不加BTA条件下,不同氧化剂浓度的抛光液的钝化特性。实验结果明显地表明:加入了非离子表面活性剂的抛光液,更有利于改善抛光后的片内非均匀性和表面粗糙度,并确定2vol%体积分数是比较合适的浓度。当抛光液中氧化剂浓度超过3vol%,抛光液拥有较好的钝化能力,能够有效减小高低差,并有助于获得平整和光滑的表面。根据这些实验结果,非离子表面活性剂和氧化剂的作用进一步被了解,将有助于抛光液性能的改善。  相似文献   
4.
为提高阴离子染料在反胶束体系中对棉织物的染色性能,在非离子Triton X-100反胶束体系中加入Span40制备出非离子混合反胶束体系,并以其为介质使用直接黄棕ND3G对棉织物进行染色,重点研究Span40对反胶束体系的饱和增溶水量、水池直径、聚集密度和电导率等结构特征以及直接染料对棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,当Span40质量分数为50%时反胶束体系的饱和增溶水量呈现最大值,反胶束体系的水池直径和聚集密度随着Span40的增加而增大,导致反胶束体系电导率降低,减小了直接染料与棉织物的静电排斥作用及其与表面活性剂对棉织物的竞争吸附作用,从而使直接黄棕ND3G对棉织物的吸附和染色性能得以提高。  相似文献   
5.
The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the physical–chemical properties of oil-in-water nanoemulsions for application as nanocosmetics for sun protection. Oil-in-water dispersions were processed by ultrasound (US) to obtain small emulsion droplets. These emulsions were obtained in the presence of commercial nonionic surfactants based on polyoxides and avocado oil as the oil phase. The US generated small but unstable droplets. This problem was solved by using a different surfactant, with a longer ethylene oxide chain, able to promote stabilization by steric mechanisms. The light scattering technique was used to characterize the nanoemulsions by their dispersed droplets’ size, size distribution and variation of distribution with time (stability). Chemical and physical sunscreens – octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), respectively – were added to the stable system. The anti-UVB activity of the nanoemulsions and their components were evaluated by the method of Mansur et al. (1986) and spectral transmittance. The solar protection factor (SPF) was proportional to the OMC and TiO2 concentrations. The in vitro OMC release was evaluated, and the presence of TiO2 in the nanoemulsion did not affect the release profile, which showed the diffusion-dependent kinetics of the active ingredient in the formulation.  相似文献   
6.
在棕榈油乙氧基化物(NOE-Pn)(n=3,6,9,12和14)质量浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,通过研究其EO加合数(n)对由双癸基二甲基甲酸铵(DDAF)、双烷基(碳数8~10)二甲基氯化铵(D8-10)、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐(IB)、双癸基甲基羟乙基氯化铵(DEQ)和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)5种阳离子表面活性剂复合组成的杀菌剂(阳离子复合杀菌剂,总质量浓度为140 mg/L,其中m(DDAF)∶m(D8-10)∶m(IB)∶m(DEQ)∶m(1227)=3∶2∶3∶3∶3)杀菌性能的影响,结果发现杀菌时间为20 min的条件下在n=9时(NOE-P9),对阳离子复合杀菌剂的影响最小,与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO9)基本一致。在阳离子复合杀菌剂中引入非离子表面活性剂NOE-P9、AEO9和烷基糖苷(APG0810)以及阴-非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚羧酸(AE9C),发现其对白色念珠菌的影响较大。在此基础上,对比了提高杀菌剂的总质量浓度至180 mg/L和延长杀菌时间至1 h的杀菌效果。结果发现浓度的提高使得杀菌性能略有增强;延长杀菌时间可以明显提升复合体系的杀菌效果,尤其是非离子表面活性剂质量浓度较低时,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀灭对数值均大于6。  相似文献   
7.
The cleaning of copper interconnects after chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is a critical step in integrated circuits (ICs) fabrication. Benzotriazole (BTA), which is used as corrosion inhibitor in the copper CMP slurry, is the primary source for the formation of organic contaminants. The presence of BTA can degrade the electrical properties and reliability of ICs which needs to be removed by using an effective cleaning solution. In this paper, an alkaline cleaning solution was proposed. The alkaline cleaning solution studied in this work consists of a chelating agent and a nonionic surfactant. The removal of BTA was characterized by contact angle measurements and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The cleaning properties of the proposed cleaning solution on a 300 mm copper patterned wafer were also quantified, total defect counts after cleaning was studied, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) review was used to identify types of BTA to confirm the ability of cleaning solution for BTA removal. All the results reveal that the chelating agent can effectively remove the BTA residual, nonionic surfactant can further improve the performance.  相似文献   
8.
以几种O系列聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂为添加剂,利用表面张力仪、激光粒度分析仪、乳化性能实验等详细研究了它们对水的物理性质(表面张力、喷雾粒径、乳化性能)的影响.根据测试结果,以O-8为细水雾添加剂,利用灭汽油油盆火实验研究了含O-8细水雾的灭火性能,并用烟气分析仪分析了灭火过程中的烟气(氧气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳)浓度.实验结果表明:O系列聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的加入能显著降低水的表面张力、减小细水雾的粒径分布、增强水的乳化性能.与纯水细水雾相比,含O-8的细水雾具有更好的灭火性能,并有利于抑制汽油燃烧过程中一氧化碳和二氧化碳的产生.  相似文献   
9.
Oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion‐gel systems containing high oil payloads are of increasing interest for food applications because of the reduction in encapsulation cost, consumption frequency or volume of food products. This study shows a facile approach to prepare stable alginate‐based O/W emulsions at high oil loading using a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20) as a template to form gelled‐emulsions. The synergistic effects of alginate and surfactants on the O/W emulsion properties were evaluated in terms of oil droplet size and emulsion stability. At 2% (w/v) of alginate and 1% (w/v) of surfactants, the size distribution of oil droplets was narrow and monomodal, even at an oil loading of 70% (v/v). The emulsions formed were stable against phase separation. The oil droplet size could be further reduced to below 1 μm using a high‐shear homogenizer. The emulsions formed could be easily molded and gelled into solids of different shapes via ionic gelation. The findings of this study create possible avenues for applications in food industries.  相似文献   
10.
Work was performed to distinguish the role of sulfonate (–SO3 ?) and sulfate (–OSO3 ?) with respect to the micellization and clouding phenomenon in ionic surfactant solutions. The clouding phenomenon is a recent addition to the conventional one observed with nonionic surfactants. Three ionic surfactants [sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSo)] are chosen and the effects of added tetra-n-pentylammonium bromide (TPeAB) and benzyl tributylammonium bromide (BTAC) have been studied on micellization and clouding behaviors in aqueous solution. Based on critical micelle concentration (CMC) and cloud point (CP) measurements, the following order has been observed: SDBS < SDS < SDSo. Though both SDBS and SDSo contain sulfonate groups, they are found at the two ends of the ordering. Therefore, the role of the phenyl ring is also having importance in clouding phenomena. For a typical surfactant, TPeAB was found to be more effective than BTAC. Based on the CP studies, two compositions of SDSo + TPeAB/BTAC were chosen and the effects of different additives (carbohydrate, amino acid, and l-ascorbic acid) on the CP were investigated. Additive may either decrease or increase CP, depending on the structure of the counterion or additive. The present work shows a few novelties: (1) headgroup/counterion dependence of CP and (2) hydrophobicity of counterion/surfactant has an important bearing on the phenomenon. The data can be utilised in improving cloud point extraction methodologies (CPEMs).  相似文献   
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