广义正交码索引调制系统的性能分析

摘 要：为了提高码索引调制（code index modulation，CIM）系统的传输效率，提出了一种具有更低复杂度的单输入单输出（single input single output，SISO）的广义正交码索引调制（generalized orthogonal code index modulation，GQCIM）系统。CIM 系统使用扩频码和星座符号传输信息，但只能激活两个扩频码索引和一个调制符号。而 GQCIM 系统以一种新颖的方式克服了只激活一个调制符号的限制，同时充分利用了调制符号的正交性，增加扩频码索引以传输更多的额外信息位，提高了系统的传输效率。此外，分析了GQCIM系统的理论性能，推导了误码率性能的上界。通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了GQCIM系统的性能，对比发现GQCIM系统的理论和仿真性能一致。而且在相同的传输效率下，结果显示GQCIM系统的性能优于同样具有正交性的调制系统，如广义码索引调制（generalized code index modulation，GCIM）系统、CIM系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制（code index modulation aided quadrature spatial modulation，CIM-QSM）系统、码索引调制-正交空间调制（code index modulation aided spatial modulation，CIM-SM）系统、脉冲索引调制（pulse index modulation，PIM）系统。     

Coupling effects of water content,temperature, oxygen density,and polytetrafluoroethylene loading on oxygen transport through ionomer thin film on platinum surface in catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In this work, coupling effects of water content, temperature, oxygen density, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loading on oxygen transport through an ionomer thin film on a platinum surface in a catalyst layer of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell are investigated using molecular dynamics approach. Taguchi orthogonal algorithm is employed to comprehensively analyze the coupling effects in a limited number of cases. It is found that the effect of operation temperature is the weakest among the four factors, which has the smallest effect index 14.4. Coupling effects including the PTFE loadings on the oxygen transfer through the ionomer thin film is uncovered. Less PTFE loadings should be beneficial for the oxygen transfer. The chemical potential gradient is considered as the major driven force for the oxygen transport through the ionomer thin film, and oxygen density is the dominating factor, significantly affecting the chemical potential in the thin film.     

Convolutional Neural Network Auto Encoder Channel Estimation Algorithm in MIMO-OFDM System

Higher transmission rate is one of the technological features of prominently used wireless communication namely Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO–OFDM). One among an effective solution for channel estimation in wireless communication system, specifically in different environments is Deep Learning (DL) method. This research greatly utilizes channel estimator on the basis of Convolutional Neural Network Auto Encoder (CNNAE) classifier for MIMO-OFDM systems. A CNNAE classifier is one among Deep Learning (DL) algorithm, in which video signal is fed as input by allotting significant learnable weights and biases in various aspects/objects for video signal and capable of differentiating from one another. Improved performances are achieved by using CNNAE based channel estimation, in which extension is done for channel selection as well as achieve enhanced performances numerically, when compared with conventional estimators in quite a lot of scenarios. Considering reduction in number of parameters involved and re-usability of weights, CNNAE based channel estimation is quite suitable and properly fits to the video signal. CNNAE classifier weights updation are done with minimized Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Square Error (MSE).     

Spectral radiance reconstruction from trichromatic camera responses based on orthogonal test and regularized algorithm

Reconstruction of spectral information based on multi‐channel image system is a significant problem in color reproduction, detection, and recognition. A spectral radiance reconstruction from trichromatic digital camera responses is researched in this article. The mapping relationship between the trichromatic imaging system response and the incident spectral radiance is analyzed. Then, in order to remove the ill‐posedness of the problem, a regularized constraint solution model of spectral radiance reconstruction matrix is established. And the spectral radiance can be reconstructed by spectral radiance reconstruction matrices and trichromatic imaging system response. Finally, the spectral radiance reconstruction matrix is estimated by the system radiometric calibration experiment. The input radiance is offered by a LCD display. A 3‐factor and 9‐level orthogonal test is designed for the calibration experiment, and a test set of 24 colors is used for precision analysis. The results show that the average relative mean error of our method is 8.69%, it is lower than that of Wiener filtering method by 2.84%. The method can reconstruct spectral radiance information effectively.     

基于全相位预处理的时域多重信号分类波达方向估计方法

低信噪比下,针对宽带短脉冲情况下频域多重信号分类(MUSIC)中噪声子空间估计不稳定问题,提出一种基于全相位预处理的时域多重信号分类波达方向(DOA)估计方法。①对线列阵接收数据进行分组处理;②按搜索角度对各组数据进行相移预处理,并对各组数据预处理结果进行相加,得到一组新数据;③对线列阵接收数据在时域构建相移后的协方差矩阵,在更短数据长度下,稳定实现噪声子空间估计,并依据估计出的噪声子空间含有的正交特性,通过单位矩阵加法器得到相应空间谱估计值,实现波达方向估计。数值仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,相比频域MUSIC方法,该方法有效提高了线列阵接收数据协方差矩阵中信号含有量和信噪比,能够在更短数据长度情况下实现对噪声子空间的稳定估计,具有较好的稳定性和检测性能,提高了MUSIC方法在实际波达方向估计中的鲁棒性。     

Systematic convergence of nonlinear stochastic estimators on the Special Orthogonal Group SO(3)

This paper introduces two novel nonlinear stochastic attitude estimators developed on the Special Orthogonal Group with the tracking error of the normalized Euclidean distance meeting predefined transient and steady‐state characteristics. The tracking error is confined to initially start within a predetermined large set such that the transient performance is guaranteed to obey dynamically reducing boundaries and decrease smoothly and asymptotically to the origin in probability from almost any initial condition. The proposed estimators produce accurate attitude estimates with remarkable convergence properties using measurements obtained from low‐cost inertial measurement units. The estimators proposed in continuous form are complemented by their discrete versions for the implementation purposes. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed estimators against uncertain measurements and large initialization error, whether in continuous or discrete form.     

红枣番茄格瓦斯饮料的研制

目的以红枣汁、番茄汁作为研制格瓦斯饮料的原料,通过正交试验来确定红枣番茄格瓦斯饮料最佳生产工艺条件。方法设计单因素试验,探究其番茄果汁与红枣果汁添加量、果汁添加比例、果胶酶添加量、酶处理时间。在此基础上,通过L9(34)正交试验确定红枣番茄格瓦斯饮料的最佳配方。结果正交试验中,A(果汁添加量)影响最大,B(番茄汁:红枣汁)次之,C(酶添加量)、D(酶处理时间)影响最小,感官评分最高组合是A2B2C3D1。确定了红枣番茄格瓦斯饮料最佳生产工艺:果汁添加量15%,红枣汁:番茄汁=2:1(V:V),果胶酶添加量0.55%,酶处理时间7 h。结论制作的红枣番茄格瓦斯饮料风味独特、原料来源丰富、工艺简单,适合于广大消费者饮用的风味饮料。     

两株小球藻培养基的优化及其产EPA性能的研究

采用L18(37)正交法优化小球藻C95和小球藻C97的生长培养基,经15 L规模培养并收获小球藻;碱性乙醇法萃取游离脂肪酸,再经脲素包埋提取多不饱和脂肪酸,并用气相色谱检测二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)的含量。研究结果表明:小球藻C95最优培养基(微量元素母液0.8 m L/L,维生素母液2.4 mL/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O6.0 g/L,Na2SiO3·9H2O 9.0 g/L,NaNO360.0 g/L,FeC6H5O7·5H2O 3.0 g/L);小球藻C97最优培养基(微量元素母液1.6 m L/L,维生素母液2.4 m L/L,NaH2PO4·2H2O 4.0 g/L,Na2SiO3·9H2O 11.0 g/L,NaNO380.0 g/L,FeC6H5O7·5H2O 3.0 g/L);小球藻C95和小球藻C97对数末期(分别是第4天和第5天)达到的细胞密度分别为9.53×10^7个/mL和8.91×10^7个/mL,EPA含量分别占总脂肪酸的30.2%和29.5%,小球藻C95的EPA含量要高于小球藻C97。     

酶催化甘油解法制备甘油二酯马油工艺研究

优化酶催化甘油解法制备甘油二酯马油的工艺。以粗马油、甘油为原料,脂肪酶催化合成甘油二酯,采用单因素结合正交试验法,以甘油二酯含量为考察指标,对底物比(粗马油∶甘油)、反应温度、加酶量及反应时间等工艺进行优化,并用CS-9301薄层扫描仪,对甘油二酯进行定性定量检测。结果表明:甘油解法制备甘油二酯马油的最佳条件为粗马油∶甘油(1∶0.5),加酶量为每克粗马油400U脂肪酶,反应时间6h,反应温度40℃,所得甘油二酯马油中甘油二酯的含量达44.18%。