秋里塔格构造带盐下构造层变形特征及油气勘探潜力

秋里塔格构造带位于库车坳陷中部,受南天山造山作用的影响,发育一系列冲断构造,具明显的分层变形特征。依据地面露头和地震资料,秋里塔格构造带以古近系库姆格列木群及新近系吉迪克组膏盐岩为中心,可划分为盐上构造层、膏盐岩构造层和盐下构造层;受挤压作用,膏盐岩差异流动,在地表形成多排线性褶皱带,盐上构造层则发育逆冲推覆及反冲构造,而盐下构造层的变形特征主要受控于挤压应力和古生代古隆起,具有明显的分段性。中秋—东秋段位于新和—牙哈古隆起北坡,盐下构造层发育与克深构造带相似的冲断构造,可形成幅度高、规模较大的断背斜圈闭,油气勘探潜力大;佳木—西秋段位于温宿和西秋古生代古隆起之上,盐下构造层不发育冲断构造,盐下圈闭以低幅度断背斜和断块为主,规模不大,勘探潜力相对较小。     

浮法玻璃熔窑火焰空间石油焦部分替代重油燃烧的数值模拟

针对浮法玻璃熔窑火焰空间建立模型并进行了数值模拟，在保证热值相同的前提下，对比研究了重油燃烧及将石油焦部分替代重油燃烧时的流场分布特征。结果表明，石油焦部分代替重油燃烧后，两种燃料可很好地混合燃烧，窑炉内温度制度基本不受影响；石油焦着火时间比重油长，两种燃料混合燃烧时平均着火点滞后于仅使用重油时，且燃烧路径更长，燃烧时产生了大量CO，整个火焰空间及烟气出口处NOx的平均排放量与仅使用重油相比降低了30.02%，NOx减排效果明显。     

New empirical correlation for estimation of vaporization enthalpy of algerian saharan blend petroleum fractions

A Real-coded Genetic Algorithm has been used to develop a new correlation to estimate the enthalpy of vaporization for pure compounds and petroleum fractions as a function of the normal boiling point and specific gravity. In developing the correlation 80% of the data was used and the remaining are used for validation. The results of the proposed correlations are compared to others in literature. The comparison indicates that the proposed model is simple to use and more accurate than the most common correlations for predicting the enthalpy of vaporization of pure compounds and petroleum fractions.     

Bioremediation of Petroleum contaminated soils collected all around China: The extensive application and the microbial mechanism

A commercial microbial agent (Devoroil) was applied to study the biodegradation efficiency of four petroleum contaminated soils/sediment collected all around China. After 40 days of biodegradation, the total petroleum hydrocarbons removal rates were 41.8%, 95.7%, 84.5% and 93.5%. The soil achieved the lowest biodegradation efficiency was chosen to conduct another bioremediation experiment to study the degradation dynamics of petroleum and the microbial mechanism. The results showed that biodegradation dynamics correspond to a negative index relation. The analysis of PCR-DGGE exhibited that Thioalkalivibrio sp., Nocardia sp. and Mycobacterium sp. were probably the dominant functional microbes in the contaminated environment.     

Extraction of hydrocarbons from oil emulsions with the use of a supercritical fluid extraction process with propane-butane extractant

Current paper represents the results of the study on extraction of hydrocarbons from oil emulsions using liquid and supercritical extraction processes. High-viscosity oil from Ashalchinskoye accumulation has been taken as a base for the emulsions with subsequent addition of water (0.5–30% wt.). A mixture of propane and butane has been applied as an extractant. The investigations have been carried out at temperatures 85–140?°C and pressures 10–15?MPa. The achieved output of light hydrocarbons is 93% of the total mass of hydrocarbons in emulsion. In parallel with the extraction, deasphaltizing has also been carried out.     

石油开采过程中水平井钻井技术的应用探析

水平井钻井技术可满足当前的石油开采需求,但由于配备不合理、施工难度大等问题,使这一项技术的应用受到了限制。针对此项技术存在的问题进行简要分析,并提出相应的改进措施。     

地表水中石油类监测存在的问题与对策

为使我国地表水中石油类检测过程更具可操作性和推广性,使各实验室石油类检测结果更具可对比性和量值溯源性,本文从地表水中石油类样品采集、样品检测及标准物质选取等三个方面对当前国内外相关标准中规定内容进行了汇总梳理,得出目前采用的样品采集方法均难以保证样品代表性、各种检测方法关注点不同且各有利弊、标准物质的选取对最终测定结果有较大影响的结论。为解决上述难题,建议开展以下3方面工作:(1)研发一种符合地表水中石油类赋存状况的水样采集器;(2)将地表水环境质量标准中"石油类"指标分为"低沸点挥发性石油类"和"高沸点半挥发性石油类"指标分别检测;(3)分流域或河流开展石油类标准物质研制工作。     

Enhancement of petroleum coke thermal reactivity using Oxy‐cracking technique

Petroleum coke (petcoke) is a challenging fuel in terms of its complexity, high sulphur and nitrogen content, low volatile content, and undesirable emissions of SOx and NOx when used for power generation. To overcome these challenges, the oxy‐cracking process was recently proposed to convert the petcoke into a clean combustion fuel by reducing its sulphur and nitrogen contents, and consequently increasing its reactivity and combustibility. This work aimed to study the heating values and thermo‐oxidative behaviour of the oxy‐cracked petcoke, virgin petcoke, and their blends using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the oxy‐cracked petcoke is oxidized at a temperature of 475 °C, which is easier and faster than the virgin petcoke, which is usually oxidized at around 540 °C. The heating value of the oxy‐cracked petcoke was not impacted and maintained constant ~30 MJ/kg, which is relatively similar to the virgin petcoke. The nitrogen and sulphur content in the oxy‐cracked petcoke is much lower than that of virgin petcoke. A significant improvement in the combustion performance parameters of the oxy‐cracked petcoke and their blends with virgin petcoke was achieved. For instance, the ignition temperature of the proposed fuel is reduced to 13 % compared to the virgin petcoke, which led to increasing the ignition index by two‐folds. Therefore, this approach might help in improving the thermal efficiency of petcoke by using oxy‐cracked products as an initiator in the combustion process.     

槐糖脂-LAS-Na2SiO3复配修复石油污染土壤影响因素分析

选用阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）与内酯型槐糖脂复配，并使用硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃）作为助剂修复石油污染土壤。使用吊片法测定单一表面活性剂以及复配药剂的临界胶束浓度，利用SPSS 软件对结果进行非线性拟合。正交实验表明，LAS和内酯型槐糖脂之间存在较强的交互协同作用，三者间的复配使得洗脱率达到了87.37%。优化的复配表面活性剂的配方为:内酯型槐糖脂溶液浓度为40mg/L，硅酸钠浓度为6g/L，LAS浓度为600mg/L。析因分析结果表明，液固比对石油污染土壤的洗脱效果影响较为显著，其次是振荡时间和氧化剂浓度，各因素交互影响不明显。     

一种提高油样中低含量石油磺酸盐分析效率的方法

为了准确分析油田化学驱采出液油样中石油磺酸盐的含量,介绍了一种在油样中加入不同极性溶剂组成的萃取体系的预处理技术,将石油磺酸盐萃取到水相,利用液相色谱仪对其进行检测的方法。取适量油样,依次加入正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇和蒸馏水,振荡均匀后静置分层,取下层水相溶液进行色谱分析。色谱柱为阴离子交换柱,流动相为甲醇/水和甲醇/盐水(含0.2 mol/L乙酸和0.2 mol/L乙酸铵),梯度洗脱。实验结果表明,该预处理技术联合液相色谱法检测技术分析效率较高,加标回收率高于90%,液相色谱最小定量限10 mg/L,线性范围10～2000 mg/L。该方法可对油样中低含量的石油磺酸盐进行快速定量分析。