DOPO‐Based Phosphorus‐Containing Methacrylic (Co)Polymers: Glass Transition Temperature Investigation

A two‐step synthetic procedure is designed for preparing new flame‐retardant methacrylic monomers containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as a substituent side group. DOPO and methacrylate moieties are linked by linear aliphatic hydrocarbon spacers (3 to 11 carbon atoms). Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate is carried out leading to copolymers containing between 2 and 10 wt% phosphorus. All homo‐ and copolymers exhibit a unique glass transition temperature (T_g ). A new group contribution for DOPO‐based substituent is extracted that leads to reasonable estimations of T_g s of other published polymers. The Fox equation provides a good estimation of T_g s for most copolymers and for physical blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and DOPO. When using monomers having three and four carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon spacer, the T_g of copolymers remains close to that of PMMA over a wide range of composition.     

新型含三嗪结构氧杂膦菲阻燃剂的合成

以三聚氯氰、对羟基苯甲醛和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为主要原料,经两步反应合成了一种新型含三嗪结构氧杂膦菲阻燃剂PN-FR。第一步反应以三聚氯氰、对羟基苯甲醛为原料,二氯甲烷和水为混合溶剂,相转移催化剂作用下回流反应2 h,得2,4,6-三(4-醛基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(ZJT),收率98.8%;第二步在n(DOPO)∶n(ZJT)∶n(催化剂)=3.2∶1∶0.8,66℃回流反应3 h条件下得目标产物PN-FR,收率95.8%。用FTIR、EA、1HNMR、LC/MS、TG和DSC对中间体和产物作了结构表征和热性能分析。将该阻燃剂初步应用于环氧树脂绝缘层压板的阻燃,当阻燃剂质量分数为15%时,绝缘层压板氧指数达到36.2,通过UL-94 V-0级测试。该文研究工作的新颖性,已为四川省科学技术信息研究所2006年10月26日出具的第A0601512号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

An effective flame retardant for poly(ethylene terephthalate) synthesized by phosphaphenanthrene and cyclotriphosphazene

A novel flame retardant [9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxideÔtriphosphazene (DOPO–TPN)] based on phosphaphenanthrene and cyclotriphosphazene was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The structure of DOPO–TPN was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), and elemental analysis. PET/DOPO–TPN composites with different amount of DOPO–TPN were prepared and the flame retardancy was determined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL‐94). With the incorporation of 5 wt % DOPO–TPN, the composite achieved a LOI value of 34% and UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The thermal properties of the PET/DOPO–TPN composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS), FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Py‐GC/MS results showed that DOPO based fragments would exist in the gas phase during the pyrolysis of PET/DOPO–TPN composites which demonstrated that DOPO–TPN could act through gas‐phase action to exert flame retardant effect. The results of FTIR and SEM demonstrated that DOPO–TPN could promote the formation of compact and intact char residues to inhibit the heat and combustible gas transmission in condensed phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45246.     

Preparation and investigation of flame‐retardant epoxy resin modified with a novel halogen‐free flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene,triazine‐trione,and organoboron units

In this article, a novel flame retardant (coded as BNP) was successfully synthesized through the addition reaction between triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide and phenylboronic acid. BNP was blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A to prepare flame‐retardant epoxy resin (EP). Thermal properties, flame retardancy, and combustion behavior of the cured EP were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results indicated that the flame retardancy and smoke suppressing properties of EP/BNP thermosets were significantly enhanced. The LOI value of EP/BNP‐3 thermoset was increased to 32.5% and the sample achieved UL94 V‐0 rating. Compared with the neat EP sample, the peak of heat release rate, average of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EP/BNP thermosets were decreased by 58.2%–66.9%, 27.1%–37.9%, 25.8%–41.8%, and 21.3%–41.7%, respectively. The char yields of EP/BNP thermosets were increased by 46.8%–88.4%. The BNP decomposed to produce free radicals with quenching effect and enhanced the charring ability of EP matrix. The multifunctional groups of BNP with flame retardant effects in both gaseous and condensed phases were responsible for the excellent flame retardancy of the EP/BNP thermosets. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45291.     

磷杂菲三嗪双基化合物阻燃环氧树脂的量效关系

将三-(DOPO-羟甲基苯氧基)-三嗪(Trif-DOPO)添加到双酚A缩水甘油醚/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜环氧树脂(EP)体系中,制备了一种无卤阻燃EP,利用差示扫描量热仪、热失重分析仪、根限氧指数(LOI)测定仪、垂直燃烧测试仪、锥形量热仪及吸水性试验测试了无卤阻燃EP的热性能、阻燃性能和吸水性能,研究了Trif-DOPO对EP性能影响的量效关系。结果表明,Trif-DOPO与环氧基体共同构成一个膨胀阻燃体系。与空白试样相比,随着体系磷质量分数从1.0%增至2.0%,阻燃试样的点燃时间、总热释放量、平均有效燃烧热、玻璃化转变温度均与Trif-DOPO的用量呈负相关性;阻燃试样锥量测试残炭的膨胀倍率与Trif-DOPO的用量呈正相关性;而阻燃试样的热释放速率峰值和平均热释放速率虽明显减小,但在研究的范围内受阻燃剂含量的影响不大。此外,随着Trif-DOPO用量的增加,试样的LOI先增大后减小,当体系磷质量分数为1.2%时,试样的阻燃性能最佳,其LOI为36.0%,垂直燃烧性能达到UL 94 V–0级。Trif-DOPO的添加还能够在一定程度上降低EP的吸水率。     

新型膦菲类阻燃剂的研究与应用

简要介绍了新型膦菲类阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及其衍生物的合成,综述了近年来国内外膦菲类阻燃剂的研究与应用进展情况。着重对合成的膦菲类阻燃剂新品种及其用做热塑性和热固性材料阻燃剂所显示的特性做了详细的介绍。     

涤纶磷系共聚阻燃剂及阻燃聚酯制备方法

描述了膦菲共聚阻燃剂的特性。介绍了由 H CA( 9,10 -二氢 -9-氧 -10 -氧杂膦菲 )、衣康酸、乙二醇反应制备新型磷化合物磷系共聚阻燃剂 ,以及用该阻燃剂制备阻燃聚酯的方法。所制备的阻燃聚酯具有优异的阻燃性能 ,极限氧指数 30～ 32。     

一种基于磷杂菲基团的无卤阻燃剂的合成及其应用研究

以三氯氧磷、新戊二醇、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、1,4-对苯醌等原料,反应合成了一种基于磷杂菲基团的新型无卤阻燃剂2-(6-氧-6H-二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己烷基)-1,4-二(5’,5’-二甲基-1,4-二氧杂己内磷酰氧基)苯(DPPOBQ)。通过质谱(MS)、元素分析、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR、31P-NMR)等表征了目标化合物的结构,并讨论其在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)泡沫复合材料中的阻燃性能。热分析质谱联用测试(TG-Mass)表明该阻燃剂具有较高的热稳定性和良好的成炭性,热失重5%时的温度为260.2℃,1 000℃时的残炭率可达19.1%。     

不同POSS对磷⁃硅协同阻燃环氧树脂性能的影响

将两种多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）分别与9,10?二氢?9?氧杂?10?磷杂菲?10?氧化物（DOPO）基有机磷阻燃剂（D?bp）复配,制备了磷?硅协同阻燃环氧树脂,并对其阻燃、热、力学和动态力学性能等进行分析。结果表明,在磷含量仅为0.25 %（质量分数,下同）时,磷?硅协同阻燃环氧树脂就能达到UL 94 V?0级;当苯基?POSS与D?bp复配时,峰值热释放速率（p?HRR）、总热释放量（THR）和平均有效燃烧热（av?EHC）为313.9 kW/m²、118.2 MJ/m²和23.1 MJ/kg,分别降低了66.6 %、41.4 %和26.9 %;环氧基?POSS与D?bp复配时,能够同时改善磷?硅协同阻燃环氧树脂的阻燃、热、力学和动态力学性能,表现出优异的综合性能。     

新型阻燃剂中间体9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

合成了新型阻燃剂中间体9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOP),并对适宜的合成条件进行实验研究。以三氯化磷和邻苯基苯酚(OPP)为起始原料,路易斯酸为催化剂,先制得6-氯-(6H)二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己环(CC)及2’-羟基联苯基-2-次膦酸(HBP),最终制得DOP。所得产品结构经红外和核磁氢谱表征,结果与预期结构相符合。