聚醚型合成压缩机油的研制

使用聚醚基础油，通过对抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂、助溶剂和防锈剂等添加剂的筛选及性能考察，研制了一种聚醚型合成压缩机油。该产品黏度指数达到210以上，旋转氧弹时间超过1 000 min ，铜片腐蚀（100 ℃，3h）为1b级，四球试验的钢球磨斑直径为0.5 mm左右，具有优异的黏温性能、氧化安定性、防锈抗腐性和良好的极压抗磨性，达到国外同类油品质量水平。经过一年的实际使用，油品磨损金属质量分数低于30 μg/g，表明研制产品能够满足烃类气体压缩机的润滑要求。     

硅烷修饰SBA-15与固载聚醚离子液体化催化剂的制备与性能

将3种聚醚离子液体，即Cl[PECH-MIM]-OH、Cl [PECH-MIM]-COOH和Cl [PECH-MIM]-NH₂，分别与助催化剂ZnBr₂反应制得复合型聚醚离子液体，再用硅烷(CPTES)修饰分子筛SBA-15，并将其固载复合聚醚离子液体，制得固载化催化剂SCP-OH/[ZnBr₂]、SCP-COOH/[ZnBr₂] 和 SCP-NH2/[ZnBr₂]。利用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、电镜扫描仪对SBA-15及3种固载化催化剂进行化学结构、热性能和表观形貌的表征，并研究其催化环氧丙烷(PO)与CO₂合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应的性能。结果表明，复合型聚醚离子液体成功固载于硅烷分子筛上，实现了离子液体的相态转变及其高效的非均相转化CO₂。对于3种固载化离子液体催化环氧丙烷与CO₂的羰基化反应SCP-COOH/[ZnBr₂ 的催化性能最佳，在CO₂压力3.0 MPa、反应温度130  ℃、液时空速为0.5 h^-1的反应条件下，PO转化率为83.8%、产物PC选择性为94.1%，并且连续使用80 h后仍保持良好的催化性能。     

Highly efficient ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by anhydrous ferric chloride

Poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMG), widely used as a precursor in the fabrication of commodity polymers, is typically produced byacid-catalyzed polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Herein, we report a detailed investigation of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF catalyzed by ferric chloride (FeCl₃), which can be considered as a strong Lewisacid. The polymerization reactions were performed in the presence of acetic anhydride at 20°C with FeCl₃, which readily produced poly(tetramethylene ether glycol diester) (PTMG_DE). A maximum yield of 79.2% was obtained within 30 min using a FeCl₃ to acetic anhydride molar ratio of 5:4. The resulting polymers generally exhibited low molecular weights and a narrow polydispersity index and could be easily converted into PTMG using aqueous NaOH. In contrast with the FeCl₃-acetic anhydride system, other iron-based catalysts such as FeCl₂ and FeCl₃·6H₂O did not show any noticeable activity in the polymerization of THF. The proposed mechanism involves initiation of the acetyl cation generated by FeCl₃, propagation by nucleophilic addition of THF, and termination by the acetate anion, accounting for the high activity of the FeCl₃ catalyst for THF polymerization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47999.     

Hydrophobizing polyether sulfone membrane by sol-gel for water desalination using air gap membrane distillation

ABSTRACT

The hydrophobic polyether sulfone membranes were prepared by the sol-gel method to be applied in an air gap membrane distillation setup for desalination. The surface modifications were carried out using Trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) and Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) solutions. The membranes were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Optical Contact Angle (OCA) methods. The effects of membrane preparation as well as operating conditions such as temperature difference, salt concentration, feed rotation speed, and cold-side temperature on membrane performance were investigated using central composite design method. It was found that feed temperature has the largest effect among the parameters on the permeation flux. The flow rate and salt rejection of the membrane in the optimum conditions were 4.47 Kg m^?2 h^?1 and 99.37%, respectively.     

含不饱和聚醚的新型聚羧酸类减水剂的合成与应用

采用了工业化的不饱和聚醚多元醇为反应单体,合成了一种高减水率,长缓凝时间的新型聚羧酸系高效减水剂.     

HTPE与FOX-7和FOX-12混合体系的热分解

利用差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)法得到端羟基聚醚(HTPE)/1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)混合体系和HTPE/N-脒基脲二硝酰胺(FOX-12)混合体系在不同升温速率(2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0℃·min~(-1))下的热分解曲线,用Kissinger公式和Ozawa公式计算了HTPE、HTPE/FOX-7和HTPE/FOX-12体系热分解的表观活化能。结果表明,HTPE的热分解过程为一个失重过程,其表观活化能E_k为127.45 kJ·mol~(-1)。Kissinger公式和Ozawa公式计算的HTPE/FOX-7混合体系表观活化能分别为288.16 kJ·mol~(-1)和270.85 kJ·mol~(-1),HTPE/FOX-12混合体系的表观活化能分别为179.50 kJ·mol~(-1)和170.35 kJ·mol~(-1)。对于同一体系,两种公式计算的结果基本一致。与单组份(FOX-7或FOX-12)相比,HTPE/FOX-7和HTPE/FOX-12体系的表观活化能分别降低了17.1~34.5 kJ·mol~(-1)和78.8~87.9 kJ·mol~(-1)。HTPE均降低了2种钝感含能组份(FOX-7和FOX-12)的(主)分解峰温度,FOX-7高温分解放热峰峰温降低了14.4℃,FOX-12的分解放热峰峰温降低了17.4℃。HTPE/FOX-7混合体系分解放热量增加了196.2 J·g~(-1),而HTPE/FOX-12混合体系分解放热量减少了275.2 J·g~(-1)。     

铝粉粒度和含量对NEPE推进剂燃烧产物颗粒阻尼的影响

为研究铝粉粒度和含量对NEPE推进剂燃烧产物颗粒阻尼的影响,采用密闭弹燃烧法收集了NEPE推进剂的凝相燃烧产物并开展粒度分析,根据Culick线性颗粒阻尼理论计算了燃烧产物对声不稳定燃烧的颗粒阻尼。结果表明,铝粉的粒度和含量均显著影响NEPE推进剂燃烧产物对声不稳定燃烧的颗粒阻尼,主要是由于铝粉粒度和含量影响了凝相燃烧产物的粒度分布。对一定频率声不稳定燃烧,凝相燃烧产物中粒径处于[1/2D_(opt),2D_(opt)](D_(opt)为最佳颗粒粒径)区间的颗粒质量分数越高,燃烧产物的颗粒阻尼效率系数越大,产生的颗粒阻尼越大。燃烧产物中凝相燃烧产物的质量分数是决定颗粒阻尼大小的因素之一,与推进剂中铝粉含量呈正相关。     

建筑用硅烷改性聚氨酯密封胶研究进展

综述了硅烷改性聚氨酯密封胶的发展历程、固化机理、合成方法、典型配方、性能、研究开发进展以及存在的一些问题.指出,硅烷改性聚氨酯密封胶综合了聚氨酯密封胶和硅酮密封胶两者的优势,具有快速固化,耐水、耐候,粘结性能优异,基材适应性广,不合游离—NCO基团等优点,在中高端建筑领域有着较好的市场应用前景.     

HTPE/增塑剂共混体系相容性的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟研究了粘结剂端羟基聚醚(HTPE)与增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的相容性及HTPE/增塑剂共混物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。结果表明,当共混体系中存在较强的分子间氢键作用时,通过分析结合能、径向分布函数和玻璃化转变温度,可综合评价HTPE与增塑剂的相容性。HTPE与三种增塑剂相容性的优劣顺序为HTPE/DBPHTPE/DOSHTPE/DEP;通过温度-比容关系得到了HTPE,HTPE/DBP,HTPE/DOS及HTPE/DEP四种体系的Tg,依次为190.26,176.30,168.82,178.33 K。     

氟碳黏合剂研究进展

综述了国内外氟碳黏合剂研究进展,对主要品种的氟碳黏合剂的发展历程、性能、应用以及发展趋势作了简要评述。认为端羟基氟碳缩甲醛聚醚和含氟氧杂丁环聚醚是值得关注的高能量密度推进剂用黏合剂品种,其在特殊性能材料等民品领域也有较广阔的应用。