交联改性对敷料用壳聚糖/聚氧化乙烯纳米纤维膜性能的影响

为改善壳聚糖基纳米纤维膜的耐水性和结构稳定性,对静电纺丝制得的壳聚糖/聚氧化乙烯(PEO)纳米纤维膜进行戊二醛交联改性,研究不同交联时间下纳米纤维膜在模拟人体缓冲液中微观形态结构、化学结构和结晶结构的变化,并对交联后纤维膜的耐水性和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:壳聚糖基纳米纤维膜经戊二醛交联处理后,在缓冲液中浸泡24 h纤维形态的稳定性得到明显改善,且随着交联时间的增加,纤维膜在缓冲液中的吸水率逐渐增加,溶失率逐渐降低;交联改性改变了壳聚糖大分子固有的结晶结构,使纤维膜的初始模量提高,力学强度随交联时间的增加先增加后降低。     

香兰素基非离子表面活性剂的动态表面张力与气/液界面吸附行为

通过最大气泡压力法测定香兰素基聚氧乙烯醚(VAEO)的动态表面张力,利用Word-Tordai方程研究其在气/液界面的吸附行为。结果表明,质量浓度低于临界胶束浓度(cmc)时,VAEO在吸附前期为扩散控制吸附,在吸附后期为混合动力控制吸附;质量浓度大于cmc时,为混合动力控制吸附,胶束不影响吸附行为。VAEO_(10)和VAEO_(20)的扩散系数D的数量级为10~(-11)m~2/s,比文献报道的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO_9)低一个数量级。     

Evaluation of maleic acid-based copolymers containing polyoxyethylene ether as inhibitors for CaCO3 scale

Polymer scale inhibitors have been widely used to reduce the loss caused by mineral scaling in circulating cooling water systems. In this article, four maleic acid-based copolymers [hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA)-AEO] containing different fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (such as AEO-9, AEO-10, AEO-15, and AEO-20) are prepared by the way of free-radical copolymerization and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ¹H NMR, and gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) techniques. The effects of HPMA-AEO on CaCO₃ scale are studied in several aspects (such as dose, Ca²⁺ concentration, temperature, inhibition time, pH, the ratio of EO:carboxyl, and the relative supersaturation of CaCO₃ solution) by static experiments. The CaCO₃ scaling process with dosing of HPMA-AEO-9 is investigated under dynamic tests. CaCO₃ deposits and precipitate in the presence of HPMA-AEO-9 are analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the performance of HPMA-AEO against CaCO₃ scale highly depends upon the ratio of EO:carboxyl; the introduction of AEO group can significantly improve the performance of HPMA-AEO to tolerate high alkalinity, high hardness, and high temperature; the presence of HPMA-AEO-9 can obviously affect the CaCO₃ scaling process on the tube wall through interfering with nucleation process and crystal growth process and significantly alter the surface morphology and crystal form of CaCO₃ deposits. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47470     

改性水泥助磨剂的研究

研究了改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚的合成工艺,并与三乙醇胺做水泥助磨剂进行对比试验。发现改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚在提高水泥的流动性、降低筛余、减小粉体颗粒之间的接触角和摩擦阻力等方面明显优于三乙醇胺。     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚的合成及性能研究

以硬脂酸为基本原料,与单乙醇胺反应后得到硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺,再与环氧乙烷(EO)在碱性催化剂作用下进行乙氧基化反应,合成具有不同聚合度的聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱图和NMR表征,确定了产品的结构和平均聚合度,并测试了产品的表面张力、cmc值、γcmc、HLB值和浊点等表面活性。     

The effect of branching and unsaturation upon some properties of polyoxyethylene glycol diesters

Fatty acid diesters based upon polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG diesters) find applications in many diverse segments of thechemical industry. PEG diesters contain both a water-soluble and an oil-soluble portion, resulting in a surface-active product. These surfactants exhibit emulsification properties. A study of PEG diesters was undertaken to determine the effect of the following variables in the fatty portion of the molecule: (i) number of carbon atoms present, (ii) branching or lack of branching, and (iii) presence of unsaturation. The objective was to compare titer point, solubilities and emulsification properties of various PEG-600 based diesters that were synthesized using high-purity linear saturated, Guerbet-branched, and unsaturated acids. Included in the test was a series of esters based upon meadowfoam oil, a high-molecular-weight unsaturated oil.     

醇醚类双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以对苯氧基双月桂酸甲酯为原料,在还原剂作用下制得中间体对苯氧基双月桂醇(HBA),再在碱性条件下进行乙氧基化,得到醇醚类Gemini表面活性剂HBA(EO)n(n=9,20 4)。通过红外光谱和质谱分析确定了中间体及产物结构,测定了HBA(EO)n的物化性能结果如下:HBA(EO)20 4的γcmc=38 23mN/m;HBA(EO)9=0 001%;cmcHBA(EO)9=0 0001%。乳化时间:HBA(EO)20 4为17 36h;的γcmc=31 61mN/m。cmcHBA(EO)20 4HBA(EO)9为8 00h。浊点:HBA(EO)20 4>100℃;HBA(EO)9为90℃。湿润时间:HBA(EO)20 4为20 83s;HBA(EO)9为11 23s。泡沫高度:HBA(EO)20 4为40mm;HBA(EO)9为95mm。泡沫稳定性:HBA(EO)20 4为2%;HBA(EO)9为8%。与单链表面活性剂AEOn(n=4 5,10 2)相比较,HBA(EO)n具有更优良的表面活性。     

国内外AE／AES生产现状及市场分析

介绍国内外脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)的生产现状及供需情况.2003年全球AE的总产能为391.7万t/a,总产量为155.8万t,总消费量为148.3万t;AES的总产能为377.5万t/a,产量约为300万t,消费量约为90万t.2004年我国AE的产能已超过50万t/a,但产量只有15万t,消费量为30.5万t;AES的总产能为37.95万t/a,产量为14万t,市场需求约10万t.最后补充介绍乙氧基化的技术进展.     

环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷组成比的测定

本文采用乙酰-对甲苯磺酸试剂断裂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物中的醚键，用气相色谱法测定了裂解产物乙二醇二乙酸酯和丙二醇二乙酸酯的相对量，从而计算环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的组成比，取得了较好的结果。     

磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯十二烷基混和双酯钠的合成与性能

以亚硫酸钠为磺化剂合成了磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯十二烷基混和双酯钠(ATCESS)。最佳工艺条件为:n(十二醇)∶n(顺酐)=1.1∶1.0于105℃单酯化反应4 h,得到琥珀酸十二烷基单酯;酯化产物在n(聚乙二醇200)∶n(单酯)=2.02∶1.0,140℃条件下反应2 h,得到产率为93%的双酯化产物;该产物在n(亚硫酸氢钠)∶n(双酯)=3.0∶1.0,加热介质温度为140℃下,反应6 h。产物物性分析表明,所合成的磺基琥珀酸聚氧乙烯十二烷基混和双酯钠(ATCESS)具有较好的表面活性。