远志多糖对力竭运动小鼠体内抗疲劳和体外抗氧化作用研究

为了探讨远志多糖的体内、外活性，采用力竭运动动物模型，给予受试动物低、中、高剂量（0.10、0.20、0.40 mg/g·d）远志多糖后，分别测定各组动物负重游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、乳酸、尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶的活力和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，与空白对照组相较，低、中、高剂量的远志多糖分别延长小鼠的负重游泳时间96.6 s （P<0.05）、254.4 s （P<0.01）和421.8 s （P<0.01），肝糖原含量分别提高13.1%（P<0.05）、37.4%（P<0.01）和56.4%（P<0.01），肌糖原含量分别提高10.8%（P<0.05）、31.2%（P<0.01）和42.0%（P<0.01），运动后乳酸含量分别下降4.6%（P<0.05）、8.6%（P<0.01）和14.5%（P<0.01），尿素氮含量分别降低1.5%（P<0.05）、3.9%（P<0.01）和7.5%（P<0.01），乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高10.4%（P<0.01）、14.0%（P<0.01）和19.9%（P<0.01）。当远志多糖浓度为4 mg/mL时，对羟基自由基清除率和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为61.3%和79.5%，表明远志多糖有助于缓解机体疲劳，且体外抗氧化性较好。     

Effects of polysaccharides and polyphenolics fractions of Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. kitamura) on α‐glucosidase activity and blood glucose level and glucose tolerance of hyperglycaemic mice

The effects of polysaccharides, theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownin fractions of Zijuan tea on α‐glucosidase and blood glucose level and intolerance of hyperglycaemic mice were evaluated. The polysaccharides or theaflavins fraction exhibited greater inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase than acarbose positive control, thearubigins fraction or theabrownin fraction. The four fractions were delivered to the treatment mice through oval gavage each day for 15 days. The mice in polysaccharides and theaflavins high‐ and low‐dose and theabrownin high‐dose treatments significantly lowered their blood glucose levels while all the treatment mice gained body weight. The mice in polysaccharides, theaflavins and theabrownin high‐ and low‐dose treatments had greater glucose tolerance as well. Thus, the theaflavins and polysaccharides fractions of Zijuan tea effectively moderated the complications of hyperglycaemic mice. The lower effectiveness of thearubigins and theabrownin fractions may be caused by the highly polymerised polyphenolics which decreased their accessibility to α‐glucosidase and digestibility in mice.     

PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.     

Microencapsulation of sulfur by calcium alginate

The sulfur blooms on surface of rubber compounds cause loss of the needed tack for formation of multiply articles like tires. Although insoluble sulfur can be used to mitigate this problem, it is expensive to manufacture with a complex and hazardous process. This work examines an alternative approach that involves microencapsulation of soluble sulfur in alginate-based matrix. The formulations and procedures are developed and evaluated. Alginate crosslinking time, controlled temperature change (e.g., from 10 to 36°C), and the drying method were found to be critical to achieving high encapsulation efficiencies. The higher temperature (36°C) helped with the mass transfer limited removal of CS₂ used for dissolving sulfur, and treatment of crosslinked beads with oil prior to air-drying improved sulfur encapsulation. Formulated beads had higher than 65% sulfur content (>80%, oil-free basis) with almost 90% of the beads being <150 μm. The process parameters can be adjusted to make even smaller beads.     

Chitosan-based fiber-sponge materials as a promising tool for microalgae harvesting from Lake Baikal

Mass eutrophication of microalgae and cyanobacteria is observed in Lake Baikal in the past decade. In this paper, the concept of replaceable adsorption filter material based on chitosan flocculant filler and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride polymer nonwoven material are proposed. Functional and mechanical properties and morphology of the material are investigated depending on a packing density and a degree of chitosan filling. The introduction of 45% chitosan increases the Young's modulus up to 10 times, and it makes the material more rigid in 2.8 times. The high efficiency of sorption and growth inhibition of cumulative biomass culture was shown. The biomass source is taken from the coast of Barguzinsky Bay of Lake Baikal. Dominant species is microalgae of Scenedesmus genus.     

Extraction and characterisation of pectin polysaccharide from soybean dreg and its dispersion stability in acidified milk drink

In this study, pectin polysaccharide (SDPP) was obtained from soybean dreg (26.2% yield), and characteristics of SDPP were compared with those of soybean soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) and citrus pectin (HMP). The galacturonic acid and molecular weight of SSPS, SDPP or HMP were 11.8%, 40.6% or 70.2% and 112, 446, or 440 kDa. SDPP had similar viscosity and protein content to SSPS, and functional groups and linear structure to HMP. SSPS, SDPP or HMP differed in particle size of 260, 467 or 1195 nm and ζ–potential of −5.8, −14.6 or −23.5 mV at pH 4.0. The precipitation of acidified milk drink (AMD) was 6.31% without stabiliser or below 1.75% with 0.4% SDPP at pH 3.6–4.6. These results suggested that SDPP combines the structure and characteristic of HMP and SSPS, and AMD with SDPP had great stabilising behaviour at wider pH range (pH 3.6–4.6).     

Effects of interactions between soy protein isolate and pectin on properties of soy protein-based films

Composite films in coacervation condition offer an alternative to change properties of protein-based films, and they present potential applications such as inclusion, stabilization, and release of bioactive compounds in foods. Maximum interactions between soy protein isolate (SPI) (5%) and high methoxyl pectin (PEC) (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%), by zeta potential analysis, are found at a pH of 3. The transparency of the SPI films is lost at this pH. When PEC is added to SPI films, the elasticity, solubility, and permeability to water vapor are not significantly altered, but the tensile strength increases. Permeabilities to oxygen are higher for low PEC contents, but as PEC is added, their values are typical of SPI films produced at a pH of 11. A homogeneous structure is found at the higher PEC concentrations. The interactions of PEC–SPI can be useful to tailor films and coatings for applications such as to carry and protect substances of interest. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48732.