Preparation and characterization of metal-complex imprinted PVDF hollow fiber membranes

Using nickel-2,2′-dipyridyl complex as a template, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as the metal coordination functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane as the supported membrane, metal complex imprinted polymeric membranes were prepared. The association constant of template-monomer interaction in the prepolymerization solution was estimated to be 4.38 × 10⁴ (L/mol)² by spectrophotometric titration analysis. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph characterization indicated that the surface of the support PVDF membrane was completely coated by the imprinted polymer layer after modification. The imprinted membranes exhibited the selective permeability for the template in certain nickel acetate solution. The molecularly imprinted membranes gave higher permeation separation factors at about pH 6, whereas increasing pressure would lower the separation ability. The effects of ion concentration, cations and counterions, ligand selectivity, pH, and trans-membrane pressure were investigated and the permeation performances of the imprinted membranes could be regarded as facilitated transport mechanism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与性能

在含氟表面活性剂存在下，将聚偏氟乙烯超声分散于甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的混合单体中进行乳液聚合，制备了聚偏氟乙烯／聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。采用动态光散射DLS、透射电镜TEM和红外光谱FT—IR对乳液组成及乳胶粒子的形态进行了表征，并对聚合物胶膜的性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：聚偏氟乙烯的加入，使复合乳液膜的拉伸强度显著增大，吸水率减小。     

两亲性共聚物P(MMA-co-AMPS)对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜性能的影响

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚合法制得了两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA);以两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,通过相转变法制备PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热失重法表征无规共聚物的组成和热稳定性能。并通过扫描电子显微镜,傅里叶变换红外光谱、吸水率测试、表面润湿性测试,探讨了不同单体摩尔比对PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,单体AMPS与MMA间发生自由基聚合生成两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)。PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜表面多孔,内部有大孔,存在相对致密皮层和多孔的支撑层。当2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为2∶1时,PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜吸水率和表面润湿性能最好。     

P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer acoustic emission sensors

Acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been fabricated using polarized polyvinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) piezoelectric copolymer films. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the copolymers have been determined using the ultrasonic immersion technique and the resonance technique, respectively. The P(VDF-TrFE) AE sensors have been calibrated according to the ASTM standard and evaluated for potential application in the detection of AE in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFPP). A ceramic AE sensor also has been fabricated using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 7A piezoelectric ceramic and its sensitivity and performance are reported as well. The copolymer sensors do not show resonance peaks of the ceramic sensor and have adequate sensitivity. They can reproduce AE signals accurately without giving artifacts and have potential use in commercial AE systems.     

建筑用聚偏氟乙烯树脂及其涂料的发展动向

本文主要叙述了建筑用聚偏氟乙烯树脂及其涂料的发展历程和开发动向。     

蒙皂石对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜性能的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为原料,适量无机层状材料蒙皂石(MMT)为添加剂.通过溶胶-凝胶相转化法制备了PVDF/MMT超滤膜。考察了MMT含量对膜孔隙率、孔径、水通量、油水乳化液截留率以及膜相图的影响。结果表明,当MMT质量分数为7%时,超滤膜的孔径减小,孔隙率达89%,水通量最大可达94.32 L/ (m~2·h),对油水乳化液中油的截留率达69%。相图分析表明MMT改变了双节点的位置,增加了膜的亲水性。并通过FT-IR,DSC和TG对PVDF/MMT超滤膜进行了表征。     

偏氟乙烯树脂保护膜的制备

介绍了偏氟乙烯树脂保护膜的性能和应用,叙述了偏氟乙烯树脂保护膜在不同用途下的基本配方和成膜方法。认为导致我国VDF树脂保护膜开发迟缓的主要原因是VDF树脂开发落后。且产品质量不高,因此要加快保护膜用VDF树脂和VDF树脂保护膜的开发,用于对耐候性、耐热性、耐污性、耐药性、耐溶剂性和耐久性等有较高要求的各种基材。     

含氟弹性体对LLDPE熔体流变性能的影响

通过改变含氟弹性体(PPA)的含量,研究了PPA对线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)熔体流变行为的影响.研究发现,将PPA加入到LLDPE中,熔体的挤出压力、挤出胀大比均减小,发生鲨鱼皮畸变和挤出压力振荡等不稳定流动现象时的临界剪切速率提高,扩大了加工范围;足量的PPA甚至可完全消除鲨鱼皮畸变现象.     

A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

There is a growing interest in donkey's milk as food for sensitive consumers, such as infants with cow's milk protein allergy and elderly people. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey on the dairy donkeys farming in Piedmont, Italy. The research was conducted in order to analyze the farm characteristics as well as the chemical and microbiological quality of milk. All the farms were small-sized, family-run, and, in most cases, animals were farmed semi-extensively. The donkey milk from Piedmont farms was characterized by a protein content around 1.5 g/100 mL and a fat content lower than 0.1 g/100 mL. Lysozyme activity was considerably higher than that reported in raw cow milk. The milk microbiological profile greatly differed among the farms. Milk sampled in the farm that performed hand milking showed total viable counts significantly lower than milk collected in the farms equipped with automatic milking. Samples were tested for several pathogens and negative results were observed, except for the detection of Bacillus cereus in one sample. The survey provided useful data for the laying down of recent regional regulation for the production and commercialization of donkey's milk. The results of the survey indicate that further research is needed in order to define the best management and nutritional strategies for the improvement of the quali-quantitative production of dairy donkeys.     

聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水化改性研究进展

为弥补强疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜在实际应用中的缺陷,从膜本体及膜表面2个角度入手,阐述了国内外对PVDF膜亲水化改性的主要方法。膜本体改性主要是将膜材料与亲水性聚合物或无机纳米材料共混,从而改善PVDF膜的亲水性能;而膜表面改性则主要是通过表面涂覆改性与表面接枝改性来实现。PVDF膜亲水性的增强,能有效改善膜的抗污染能力,从而大大提高膜的过水通量,并延长其使用寿命。