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1.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(20):28203-28209
Vanadium carbide (VC) as excellent ceramic and functional material is usually prepared by carbothermal reduction of V2O5 which must be extracted from a typical V slag by complex processes. Pollutants, such as ammonia-nitrogen wastewater, NH3 and CO2 are inevitably discharged. A novel and green method for VC preparation was proposed by one-step co-electrolysis of soluble NaVO3 and CO2 in molten salt. It was found that VC with high purity was easily obtained by reducing electrolysis temperature and CO2 flow rate to 600 °C and 10 mL min−1 at 3.0 V. Besides VC with particles and layered stacking structure in products, a small amount of carbon and oxygen elements existed. The atomic percentage contents of C, V, and O elements in VC were about 50.0%, 44.5% and 3.8%, respectively. During electrolysis, CO32− and VO3 was reduced at about −0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and −1.38 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. CO32− ions were more easily reduced than VO3, and was firstly reduced to CO22− and then converted to C. Then, VC was prepared by two routes from CO2 and NaVO3. One route is that VO3 ions are firstly electroreduced to VO2 ions and then are further electroreduced to VC with C. Another route is that VO3 ions are electroreduced to V which in-situ reacted with C to VC. Both VO3 and CO32− ions are electroreduced by two-step process. In final, VC is in-situ deposited on cathode. It provides a novel and green way to prepare VC and also achieves the high value-added utilization of vanadium slag and CO2.  相似文献   
2.
为研究在常温(21±1)℃条件下不同搅拌方式对于厌氧氨氧化污泥复壮及运行影响,采用3组反应器(R1、R2、R3)搅拌方式分别为连续搅拌、间歇搅拌、间歇搅拌方式(R2、R3转速不同),对系统复壮及运行过程的脱氮性能、颗粒污泥性能等进行分析.结果表明,R1、R2、R3分别用10,2,2 d的时间氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮去除率接近100%,R2、R3的厌氧氨氧化速率更高,更适合厌氧氨氧化菌生长;周期实验结果可知,间歇搅拌方式形成的水流流化状态较弱,使反应器呈较低溶解氧的时间较长,更易抑制AOB活性,从而提高厌氧氨氧化菌活性;R1系统提供剪切力大,且持续与基质溶液接触,产生EPS多,稳定运行时期末,R1、R2、R3的颗粒污泥平均粒径为723,675,649μm.  相似文献   
3.
目的 开发环境友好、抗高温耐浓酸的长效缓蚀剂复配体系.方法 采用红外光谱仪对席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐的分子结构进行表征,采用高温高压腐蚀测定仪、吸附等温模型、动力学参数、扫描电镜和量子化学计算,研究了缓蚀剂对N80的缓蚀性能及其吸附机理.结果 在120、140、160℃温度下,随着席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐缓蚀剂(以下简称Shif-PyQA)质量分数的增大,腐蚀速率在低浓度时大幅减小,缓蚀率在低浓度时大幅增加,两者在高浓度时均逐渐趋于平稳.在所测温度范围内,N80在空白溶液中的腐蚀速率远大于在加有Shif-PyQA溶液中的腐蚀速率.随着温度的升高或反应时间的增加,N80的腐蚀速率持续增大,缓蚀率逐渐减小,但减小幅度不大.当温度为120℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为2%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为28.77 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.97%;当温度为140℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为3%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为37.12 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.71%;当温度为160℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为4%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为63.91 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为96.41%.Shif-PyQA在N80表面的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型,属于单分子层化学吸附,且N80表面的吸附为自发过程.动力学参数结果表明,添加不同质量分数的Shif-PyQA后,活化能大大增加为74.16~88.43 kJ/mol,属化学吸附.量子化学研究表明,席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐(以下简称PyQ-S)分子可与金属形成多中心的稳定吸附,同时PyQ-S分子接受电子的趋势大于供出电子的趋势.结论 Shif-PyQA在温度为120、140、160℃时,均可达到SY/T 5405—2019中相关指标要求,对N80具有较好的缓蚀作用.  相似文献   
4.
一价和二价无机盐混合物溶液的分离在众多工业领域需求巨大,纳滤(NF)是新兴的一价/二价无机盐溶液分离方法,在经济性和可操作性上具有潜在优势。本文首先介绍了NF膜中离子跨膜传递机理的主流观点,分析了水合离子尺寸、膜结构、水合离子-水-膜相互作用以及进料液组成对离子跨膜传递过程的影响。接着介绍了高通量NF膜和高选择性NF膜的制备方法。并且概述了NF过程分离一价/二价无机盐溶液在资源开采、氯碱盐水脱硝、含盐废水处理、水软化和重金属离子去除领域的应用。分析了已有工作中存在的问题,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
5.
Salt stress is a major increasing threat to global agriculture. Pongamia (Millettia pinnata), a semi-mangrove, is a good model to study the molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to the saline environment. Calcium signaling pathways play critical roles in the model plants such as Arabidopsis in responding to salt stress, but little is known about their function in Pongamia. Here, we have isolated and characterized a salt-responsive MpCML40, a calmodulin-like (CML) gene from Pongamia. MpCML40 protein has 140 amino acids and is homologous with Arabidopsis AtCML40. MpCML40 contains four EF-hand motifs and a bipartite NLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) and localizes both at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. MpCML40 was highly induced after salt treatment, especially in Pongamia roots. Heterologous expression of MpCML40 in yeast cells improved their salt tolerance. The 35S::MpCML40 transgenic Arabidopsis highly enhanced seed germination rate and root length under salt and osmotic stresses. The transgenic plants had a higher level of proline and a lower level of MDA (malondialdehyde) under normal and stress conditions, which suggested that heterologous expression of MpCML40 contributed to proline accumulation to improve salt tolerance and protect plants from the ROS (reactive oxygen species) destructive effects. Furthermore, we did not observe any measurable discrepancies in the development and growth between the transgenic plants and wild-type plants under normal growth conditions. Our results suggest that MpCML40 is an important positive regulator in response to salt stress and of potential application in producing salt-tolerant crops.  相似文献   
6.
采用沉水植物表面流湿地(沉水组)、挺水植物表面流湿地(挺水组)和浮床湿地(浮床组)3种盐沼湿地对长江口近岸低污染水体进行脱氮除磷效能的研究。结果表明,HRT为3 d时,水组、挺水组、浮床组对NO3^--N的去除率在高温时段分别为79.9%±13.2%、71.8%±15.2%、77.2%±13.2%,中温时段分别为39.4%±13.7%、31.5%±8.5%、18.4%±16.6%,低温时段分别为15.6%±14.6%、19.7%±8.6%、2.%5±8.6%。沉水组和挺水组对TP的去除率受温度影响较小,分别为66.4%±32.4%、55.5%±29.4%;而浮床组除磷效果受温度影响较大。当HRT缩短为1.5 d时,3组湿地系统在高温时段仍可达到相近的脱氮除磷效果,在中低温时段脱氮除磷效果都有不同程度的下降。  相似文献   
7.
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.  相似文献   
8.
目的 在保证膜层耐蚀性能的前提下,降低镁锂合金等离子电解氧化过程中的能量消耗.方法 分别使用常规NaOH-Na2SiO3电解体系与自研的NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7-Na3C6H5O7·2H2O(柠檬酸钠)低能耗电解体系,对LA91型镁锂合金进行等离子电解氧化,并探究其放电过程.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、掠入射X射线衍射仪(GIXRD),表征等离子电解氧化膜层的表面形貌、元素组成、物相组成.通过电化学极化曲线、盐雾试验,测试膜层的耐蚀性.结果 使用低能耗体系对镁锂合金进行等离子电解氧化处理,可将膜层的单位体积能耗降低至12.87 kJ/(dm2·μm),节约能耗约50.34%.在两个体系中制备的膜层表面均产生等离子电解氧化的特征性孔洞.低能耗体系膜层孔洞数量较少,但孔洞直径差异较大,孔隙率为14.21%;常规体系膜层孔洞大小均匀,但数量较多,孔隙率为13.93%.两个膜层表面的主要元素均为O、Mg、Na和Si.在低能耗体系中制备的膜层,主要物相为方镁石型MgO,而在常规体系中制备的膜层,物相组成较为复杂.盐雾试验和电化学极化曲线结果显示,在两种体系中进行等离子电解氧化,均能提升镁锂合金的耐蚀性.低能耗等离子氧化处理后,镁锂合金的腐蚀电流密度降低约3个数量级,腐蚀速率降低约2个数量级,自腐蚀电位正移0.261 V,有效地提升了镁锂合金的耐蚀性,并且耐蚀性的提升程度要优于常规体系.结论 使用低能耗体系电解液进行等离子电解氧化,能够形成孔洞特征不同于常规体系的等离子电解氧化膜层.与常规体系下制备的膜层相比,其厚度、孔隙率并无较大差异,但能够在节约较多能耗的情况下制备出耐蚀性能更好的等离子电解氧化膜层.  相似文献   
9.
干法后处理技术是我国核燃料循环体系的重要发展方向,其中有发展前景的熔盐电解法在工业化过程中需要对元素进行准确地监测以保障安全运行。传统离线检测方法程序复杂、数据分析延迟,而在线监测方法因可以获得实时数据而备受瞩目。本文对近几年国内外熔盐电解法中不同元素的在线监测技术进行了总结,重点调研分析了电化学法中的循环伏安法、安培法、脉冲法以及光谱法中的荧光光谱法和紫外光谱法在各种元素的在线监测中的原理、特点和应用前景,以期对熔盐电解中在线监测技术的研发和实际应用提供理论支撑和技术参考。  相似文献   
10.
This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1-hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py-GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5-APP-EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py-GCMS analysis described that the IF5-APP-EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5-APP-EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.  相似文献   
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