Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus gasseri in Combination with Quercetin Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Development in ApcMin/+ Mice

Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf) and Lactobacillus gasseri (Lg) could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our study investigated the role of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg) along with quercetin in the development of mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia (Apc^Min/+) mice were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg strains, 10⁷ CFU/100 g food) or both probiotics strains plus microencapsulated quercetin (15 mg/100 g food) for 73 days. Changes in body and organ weights, energy metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and colon tissue were determined. The expression of genes related to the Wnt pathway was also analyzed in colon samples. Results: Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics or microencapsulated probiotics plus quercetin reduced body weight loss and intestinal bleeding in Apc^Min/+ mice. An improvement in energy expenditure was observed after 8 weeks but not after 10 weeks of treatment. A supplemented diet with microencapsulated Bf and Lg reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas by 45% and 60%, respectively, whereas the supplementation with Bf, Lg and quercetin decreased the number of ACF and adenomas by 57% and 80%, respectively. Microencapsulated Bf and Lg in combination with quercetin could exert inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the colon of Apc^Min/+ mice Conclusions: The administration of microencapsulated Bf and Lg, individually or in combination with quercetin, inhibits the CRC development in Apc^Min/+ mice.     

和田菟丝子在不同寄主中有效成分含量的测定研究

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对和田菟丝子中槲皮素和山萘酚进行了定量测定。测定寄主为胡麻植物的菟丝子中槲皮素含量为0 239 mg·g-1,山萘酚的含量为0 347 mg·g-1 ;寄主为苜蓿的菟丝子中槲皮素含量为0 103 mg·g-1,山萘酚的含量为0 068 mg·g-1。和田菟丝子寄主不同,其槲皮素和山萘酚的含量不同,应结合寄主植物研究其有效成分。     

Effects of allelochemicals on plant respiration and oxygen isotope fractionation by the alternative oxidase

The goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of allelochemicals on plant respiration that thereby may be responsible for their role in growth inhibition. We have tested the effects of juglone, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and-pinene on respiration rates, and electron partitioning through the cytochrome and alternative respiratory pathways, by measuring on-line oxygen consumption and oxygen isotope fractionation in soybean cotyledon tissue. Cinnamic acid and-pinene decreased the oxygen consumption rate and increased the relative partitioning of electron transport to the alternative pathway. Possible biochemical mechanisms of these effects are discussed.     

毛细管电泳法测定银杏叶片中的橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素

建立了一种利用毛细管电泳测定银杏叶片中橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素的方法。研究了缓冲溶液pH值和浓度、分离电压和进样时间对分离的影响，在优化的条件下，10min内实现了三种物质的良好分离。橙皮素、芦丁和槲皮素分别在0．03～0．80、0．06～0．00，0．04～0．90mg/mL浓度范围内和峰电流成线性关系，线性相关系数分别为0．9992、0．9976、0．9991，检出限分别为0．005、0．009和0．006mg/mL。     

环境镉致肾损伤与槲皮素应用时间的研究

实验研究了镉致急性肾损伤及槲皮素对肾损伤的保护作用.将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、镉组、槲皮素治疗组,分别对各组大鼠进行生理盐水注射、氯化镉注射、氯化镉注射加槲皮素灌胃,然后测定镉致肾损伤指标:尿蛋白含量、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿乙酰氨基葡糖苷酶(NAG)、尿γ-L-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、尿金属硫蛋白(UMT).研究结果表明:镉组与对照组相比,肾损伤指标含量显著增高;槲皮素治疗组与镉组相比,肾损伤指标含量显著降低,且随着应用槲皮素时间的增加,肾损伤指标含量逐渐恢复.因此,镉能够导致肾损伤,而槲皮素对镉致大鼠急性肾损伤具有保护作用,且其保护作用具有时间依赖性.     

光谱和电化学法研究栎精与DNA的相互作用

用紫外-可见光谱法、循环伏安法及线性扫描伏安法研究了栎精(QUE)与DNA在0·01 mol·L-1的NaOAc-HOAc缓冲溶液(pH=4.2)中的相互作用。研究表明,栎精本身具有良好的电化学行为,DNA的加入能导致栎精氧化还原峰电流显著降低。通过测定DNA引入前后体系的一些电化学参数的变化,说明DNA与栎精在该条件下结合生成了一种结合比n(DNA):n(QUE)=1:2的非电活性超分子化合物,条件结合常数为1.3×104。讨论了二者之间的结合模式,二者之间可能同时存在着静电作用和嵌入作用。     

槲皮素在聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极上的电化学研究

制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰玻碳电极,通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了槲皮素在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 5.0的PBS中,槲皮素在修饰电极上能有效富集并在0.333 V产生灵敏的氧化峰。结果表明,这是一个两电子两质子参与的电化学过程,电子转移系数和电极反应速率常数分别为0.55和4.05 s-1。在优化条件下,槲皮素氧化峰电流与其浓度成线性关系,线性范围为8.0×10-8~2.0×10-5mol/L,检测限为4.0×10-8mol/L。该方法用于芦丁水解产物的测定,回收率在98.7%~102.4%。     

Silica/quercetin sol–gel hybrids as antioxidant dental implant materials

Abstract

The development of biomaterials with intrinsic antioxidant properties could represent a valuable strategy for preventing the onset of peri-implant diseases. In this context, quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been entrapped at different weight percentages in a silica-based inorganic material by a sol–gel route. The establishment of hydrogen bond interactions between the flavonol and the solid matrix was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This technique also evidenced changes in the stretching frequencies of the quercetin dienonic moiety, suggesting that the formation of a secondary product occurs. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to detect the morphology of the synthesized materials. Their bioactivity was shown by the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on sample surface soaked in a fluid that simulates the composition of human blood plasma. When the potential release of flavonol was determined by liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry techniques, the eluates displayed a retention time that was 0.5 min less than quercetin. Collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry and untraviolet-visible spectroscopy were in accordance with the release of a quercetin derivative. The antiradical properties of the investigated systems were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods, whereas the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay highlighted their ability to inhibit the H₂O₂-induced intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Data obtained, along with data gathered from the MTT cytotoxicity test, revealed that the materials that entrapped the highest amount of quercetin showed notable antioxidant effectiveness.     

Green and gold kiwifruit peel ethanol extracts potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice via a GABAergic mechanism

Kiwifruit is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it has various biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, and cardiovascular protective effects. The peel of kiwifruit, which is a by-product of processing, is a good source of flavonoids; however, its bioactivity has not been widely investigated. In this study, we evaluated the hypnotic effects of green (GRPE, Actinidia deliciosa) and gold (GOPE, Actinidia chinensis) kiwifruit peel ethanol extracts and their solvent fractions, and the possible underlying mechanisms. Oral GRPE and GOPE administration (125–1000 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and an increase in sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice. Among three different solvent fractions of GRPE and GOPE, ethyl acetate (EA) fractions had the greatest effect on sleep duration at 250 mg/kg. The total flavonoid contents of solvent fractions were proportional to sleep duration. Like diazepam (a GABA_A–benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist), the hypnotic effects of GRPE, GOPE, and their EA fractions were fully inhibited by flumazenil (a GABA_A–BZD receptor antagonist). These results suggest that potentiation effects of GRPE and GOPE on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice may be modulated by a GABAergic mechanism.