可逆热致变色材料的应用新进展

本文着重阐述了近几年来可逆热致变色材料在智能颜料、生物传感器及非可见光变色材料上的应用进展.同时对其应用机理和前景也进行了简单的介绍.  

0-3型水泥基压电机敏复合材料的制备和性能

智能结构体系正逐渐被引入土木工程领域，它对于解决土木工程结构的安全性、耐久性、灵活性以及自适应性课题提供了更强的支持，在智能结构中较为突出的问题是机敏材料与母体结构材料的相容性，由于土木工程中主要结构材料－－混凝土的特性，在其它智能结构中具有良好相容性的机敏材料，在混凝土智能结构中有可能存在相容性问题，针对这 一情况，提出以水泥基材料作为压电机敏复合材料的基体，期望解决机敏材料与混凝土结构材料之间的相容性问题，研究结果显示：0－3型水泥基压电机敏复合材料在制备上是可行的，而形成的0－3型水泥基压电机敏复合材料内部结构均匀，压电性能优于同条件下聚合物基压电复合材料的性能，而极化电压却大大降低，在性能上满足了作为机敏材料在智能结构中的使用条件。  

智能高分子材料的开发与应用

介绍具有形状记忆智能和应签智能智能高分子材料的作用原理并对其应用领域进行了探讨。  

智能纺织品的现状和发展趋势

智能纺织品是纺织服装行业未来的发展方向和重要的经济增长点。目前在智能纺织品概念的内涵和外延上存在泛化现象,在功能上存在着某些夸大的认识。从智能纺织品的基本特征看,智能服装容易通过组合感知、反馈和响应3方面的元素,其研发难点将低于智能纺织材料（智能纤维/纱线/织物）;从纺织材料的结构特征看,侧重于光学功能的智能纺织品相对容易研发;从应用需求看,电子信息服装对于残障人士、生理指标检测服装对于老年群体化有重大的社会需求,是应该率先研发的主要内容。  

微胶囊型自修复聚合物材料的研究进展

聚合物材料在使用过程中,内部不可避免地会产生裂纹。由于这些裂纹难以被检测和及时修复往往会缩短材料使用寿命。主要介绍微胶囊型自修复聚合物复合物材料的自修复机理,以及微胶囊、催化剂、修复剂等因素对材料自修复效率的影响。着重介绍该领域最新研究进展,并对微胶囊自修复聚合物复合材料的研究前景进行了展望。  

Microfluidic fabrication of smart microgels from macromolecular precursors

Stimuli-responsive polymer microgels can be produced with exquisite control using droplet microfluidics; however, in existing methods, the droplet templating is strongly coupled to the material synthesis, because droplet solidification usually occurs through rapid polymerization immediately after the microfluidic droplet formation. This circumstance limits independent control of the material properties and the morphology of the resultant microgel particles. To overcome this limitation, we produce sensitive polymer microgels from pre-fabricated precursor polymers. We use microfluidic devices to emulsify semidilute solutions of crosslinkable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and solidify the drops via polymer-analogous gelation. This approach separates the polymer synthesis from the particle gelation and allows each to be controlled independently, thus enabling us to form monodisperse, thermo-responsive microgel particles with well-controlled composition and functionality. In addition, the microfluidic templating allows us to form complex particle morphologies such as hollow gel shells, anisotropic microgels, or multi-layered microgel capsules.  

可降解形状记忆聚氨酯的研究进展

聚氨酯是一种具有微相分离本体结构的多嵌段共聚物,可通过调节原料的组成和配比,得到性能各异的新型功能高分子材料.由硬段和软段组成的聚氨酯表现出很好的形状记忆性.本文综述了形状记忆聚合物及其基本原理,概述了可降解形状记忆聚氨酯的可降解性和形状记忆性,着重介绍了可降解形状记忆聚氨酯的最新研究进展.  

Viscoelastic and photo-actuation studies of composites based on polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotubes and styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene block copolymer

Photoactuating composites based on the linear triblock copolymer polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene (SIS) were prepared by incorporation of polystyrene-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT–PS). Modification of MWCNT was performed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP) of styrene. The presence of the polystyrene chains on the MWCNT surface facilitated their dispersion in the SIS matrix. Improved interactions of the modified MWCNT–PS compared to neat MWCNT were confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. The activation energy of glass transition of the polystyrene phase in the MWCNT–PS/SIS composite increased significantly compared to the neat SIS matrix, while the incorporation of neat MWCNT to the SIS matrix disturbed the physical cross-linking of the SIS and degraded its elastic properties. The photo-actuation ability of the MWCNT–PS/SIS composite was proved using atomic force microscopy.  

Designing multi-responsive polymers using latent variable methods

The design of stimulus-responsive materials, particularly those intended to respond to more than one stimulus, is an inherently challenging and typically trial-and-error process involving multiple synthesis/characterization iterations in the laboratory. In this work, latent variable models are applied to existing, “failed” polymer formulations and characterizations to facilitate the rational design of materials with specific, targeted properties and to predict responsive polymer properties before synthesizing the materials in the laboratory. The models are capable of simultaneously predicting three targeted polymer properties (cloud point, molecular weight, and % recovery of polymer mass) for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based materials that can be reversibly photo-crosslinked. Model inversion and optimization are used to identify new polymer formulations that exhibit significantly improved properties relative to the formulations developed by chemical intuition based on available literature. This model-based design approach moves away from the traditional trial-and-error approach to save time, energy, and resources in the production of novel materials while at the same time generating responsive polymers with improved properties.  

New directions in the chemistry of shape memory polymers

The rapidly expanding field of shape memory polymers (SMPs) is driven by a growing number of potential applications, such as biomaterials, optics, and electronics. The basic concept involves polymers that can be trapped in a thermodynamically-unfavorable shape, then triggered by an external stimulus to return to their original shape, doing useful work in the process. Part of the attraction of using SMPs is that the energy released during actuation is stored in the polymer itself, rather than requiring an external force to change shape. This approach is beneficial for applications where external actuation is impossible or inconvenient. Polymers are also advantageous over shape memory metal alloys or ceramics in that there are endless combinations of functional groups and material properties to suit a variety of purposes, based on the monomers and polymerization conditions chosen. This advantage of SMPs is of particular interest in the development of materials with additional, desirable physicochemical attributes that are not necessarily coupled to the shape memory (SM) behavior itself. The SM behavior is quantitatively measured to facilitate comparison of various polymer systems, and researchers have used a number of defining parameters to guide the development and characterization of materials with extremely precise and reliable SM responses. In this review, recent trends in the structural or chemical characteristics of SMPs are explored, with an emphasis on how the molecular structure and functionality of each polymer affects its mechanical response.