凝胶色谱-气相色谱法测定11种动植物油脂中角鲨烯的含量

动植物食用油经环己烷-乙酸乙酯（1∶1,V/V）萃取后,用凝胶色谱法对油样品进行净化处理,去除样品中大分子的油脂,再采用气相色谱法对动植物食用油中角鲨烯进行测定,以建立多种动植物油中角鲨烯的凝胶色谱-气相色谱（GPC-GC-FID）测定方法。在一定的实验条件下,角鲨烯在9.40⁹40μg·m L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9999,方法回收率为95.7%,RSD为3.0%。该方法处理后的食用油样品中干扰基质少,灵敏度高,可有效避免检测过程中仪器的污染,广泛应用于动植物食用油中角鲨烯的检测,为评判动植物食用油标准提供依据。      

甜瓜种子性状及甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量研究

采用气相色谱法等对黄色马泡瓜、包瓜等30个甜瓜品种角鲨烯含量进行测定。种子形态特征及相关性分析得知百粒重与面积比和角鲨烯含量均成极显著相关水平,但百粒重与面积比的极显著关系为负相关,即面积比越大,百粒重越小,而角鲨烯含量却随着百粒重的增加有所增加。这30个品种甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯的含量较高(641.7~2 858.3 mg/kg),经主成分分析表明,共有4个主成分对其贡献率较大。在此基础上进行聚类分析可以将其分为4类,其中第一、二类群,面积比和单个重量较小,但角鲨烯含量较高,第三、四类群则长/宽均值较大,角鲨烯含量较高。     

高效液相色谱法测定角鲨烯软胶囊中的角鲨烯

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定角鲨烯软胶囊中角鲨烯的含量。方法样品经甲醇提取,以甲醇/乙腈(V:V=60:40)为流动相,流速为1.2 m L/min,经高效液相色谱在色谱柱Waters Spherisorb C18分离,柱温为40℃;然后在检测波长为203 nm的条件下测定角鲨烯的含量。结果角鲨烯的浓度在0.1023~0.5118 mg/m L的范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数r0.999,方法的检出限为0.0025%,在不同添加水平下,方法的平均回收率为100.5%,相对标准偏差为0.6%(n=9)。与我国《国家药品标准》中WS-1001-(HD-080-18)-2002角鲨烯气相色谱法测定比较,两种结果无显著差异。结论高效液相色谱法更快捷简单,节省检测成本,可应用于保健食品中角鲨烯的含量测定。     

植物油角鲨烯含量及其影响因素

植物油是一类经植物原料提取的富含多种微量营养成分的油脂。角鲨烯是植物油中营养伴随物之一,对人体生理健康?和疾病预防有着积极作用。通常,不同种类植物油中角鲨烯含量差距明显,甚至同种植物油中角鲨烯含量因地域、提取部位、加工工艺等因素而存在显著差异。因此,了解植物油角鲨烯含量并探究影响其角鲨烯含量的因素,可有效保存其角鲨烯成分,提升植物油营养品质和健康价值。本文介绍了多种植物油角鲨烯含量,并分析比较了植物油种类,原料品种、成熟度、产地、提取部位及油脂提取工艺、精炼工艺、储藏条件对其角鲨烯含量的影响,以期为优化植物油选择及改进加工工艺提供参考,并且为进一步提升植物油营养品质和健康价值提供理论基础。     

Capillary supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of shark liver oils

The liver oils of six different shark species have been analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The liver oils were from the species Pseudotriakis microdon (False catshark), Centroscymnus coelepsis (Portuguese dogfish), Centrophorus squanosus (Leafscalp gulper shark), Deanea calceus (Birdbeak dogfish), Etmopterus princips (Greater lantern shark), and Centroscymnus crepidater (Longnose velvet dogfish). The method was capable of direct quantitation of squalene and cholesterol, while quantitation of triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and diacylglycerol ethers required thin-layer chromatographic fractionation prior to SFC analysis. The iodine values of the liver oil samples gave a linear correlation when plotted against the squalene content found by SFC. The variation of squalene content within one shark species is large, and there are large differences in squalene content from species to species. The squalene contents varied between 0.22 and 82.54 wt%. The identity of the glycerol ethers was investigated by SFC of the unsaponifiable matter. The major glycerol ethers contained chimyl, batyl, and selachyl alcohol.     

Aging of oily soils on textiles. Chemical changes upon oxidation and interaction with textile fibers

Aging of unsaturated oily soils on textile materials produces yellow compounds that are difficult to remove by washing. To investigate changes that occur in oily soils when aged, the aging of squalene and artificial sebum were studied. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrated spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography studies showed that oily soils were oxidized upon aging, forming low molecular weight products that also polymerized to higher molecular weight compounds with prolonged aging. The oxidation products contained hydroxyl, carbonyl, or ester groups. Oxidation compounds with yellow chromophores appeared to be mostly those of the 1000–2500 molecular weight fraction; though in earlier, stages of aging, lower molecular weight fractions also contained chromophores. By using glucose as a model compound of cellulose, it was found that yellow oxidation products of aged squalene were covalently bound to the substrate. Because the aging of oily soils is a free-radical oxidation process, oxidation products having chromophores are thought to attach to the cotton substrate through radical coupling. Oily soils also showed possibilities of chemical bonding with nylon but not with polyester.     

油茶籽油和橄榄油中主要化学成分分析

采用气相色谱法,研究比较了油茶籽油和橄榄油中脂肪酸组成、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量的差异.结果表明,油茶籽油和橄榄油样品中均分离并鉴定出8种脂肪酸组分,主要含有棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸和顺-11-二十碳烯酸.油茶籽油和橄榄油中脂肪酸组成接近,但各脂肪酸含量略有差别.油茶籽油和橄榄油中角鲨烯含量差异较大,油茶籽油样品角鲨烯含量最高为0.156 g/kg,最低的只含有0.077 g/kg,平均值为0.117 g/kg.而橄榄油样品角鲨烯含量最低的有4.511 g/kg,而最高的达到8.401 g/kg,平均值为5.78 g/kg,橄榄油中角鲨烯含量为油茶籽油中的近50倍.油茶籽油和橄榄油中β-谷甾醇含量差异不大,油茶籽油中β-谷甾醇含量高于橄榄油.油茶籽油中仅有1个样品含量最低,为1.08 g/kg,其他样品含量都在2.0～3.5 g/kg区间,平均值为2.422 g/kg,而橄榄油样品中β-谷甾醇含量较高的2个样品分别有2.05 g/kg和2.09 g/kg,其余样品含量均在1.0 ～2.0 g/kg之间,平均值为1.534 g/kg.油茶籽油样品中β-谷甾醇含量为橄榄油样品的1.58倍.     

Synthesis,Computational Studies and Assessment of in Vitro Activity of Squalene Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

We report novel molecules incorporating the nontoxic squalene scaffold and different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). Potent inhibitory action, in the low-nanomolar range, was detected against isoforms hCA II for sulfonamide derivatives, which proved to be selective against this isoform over the tumor-associate hCA IX and XII isoforms. On the other hand, coumarin derivatives showed weak potency but high selectivity against the tumor-associated isoform CA IX. These compounds are interesting candidates for preclinical evaluation in glaucoma or various tumors in which the two enzymes are involved. In addition, an in silico study of inhibitor-bound hCA II revealed extensive interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of the active site and provided molecular insights into the binding properties of these new inhibitors.     

提取方法对茶油中活性成分角鲨烯含量的影响

采用不同的工艺和溶剂从油茶籽中提取茶油,并对经甲酯化处理的茶油进行气相色谱分析、GC-MS联用分析、标准物质共同色谱比对等方法,研究了不同的提取方法对茶油中生物活性物质角鲨烯含量的影响。结果表明,茶油中含有比较多的角鲨烯,其含量随提取方法而不同,直接压榨法、己烷提取法、石油醚提取法、丙酮提取法和三氯甲烷提取法等所得到的茶油中角鲨烯的含量分别为2.98%、7.62%、0.94%、0.29%和0.54%。