Tuning of shear thickening behavior and elastic strength of polyvinylidene fluoride via doping of ZnO-graphene

ZnO rice like nonarchitects are grafted on the graphene carbon core via a rapid microwave synthesis route. The prepared grafted systems are characterized via XRD, SEM, RAMAN, and XPS to examined the structural and morphological parameters. Zinc oxide grafted graphene sheets (ZnO-G) are further doped in β-phase of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) via mixed solvent approach (THF/DMF). β-phase confirmation of PVDF PNCs is done by FTIR studies. It is observed that ZnO-G filler enhances the β-phase content in the PNCs. Non-doped PVDF and PNCs are further studied for rheological behavior under the shear rate of 1–100 s⁻¹. Doping of ZnO-G dopant to the PVDF matrix changes its discontinuous shear thickening (DST) behavior to continues shear thickening behavior (CST). Hydrocluster formation and their interaction with the dopant could be the reason for this striking DST to CST behavioral change. Strain amplitude sweep (10⁻³% -10%) oscillatory test reveals that the PNCs shows extended linear viscoelastic region with high elastic modulus and lower viscous modulus. Effective shear thickening behavior and strong elastic strength of these PNCs present their candidature for various fields including mechanical and soft body armor applications.     

重庆地区辣椒、花椒、八角中真菌毒素污染状况分析

目的 了解重庆地区辣椒、花椒和八角中真菌毒素污染状况。方法 采用随机抽样方法，在重庆地区盘溪、菜园坝和江津三个市场，抽取180批次香辛料样品，采用HPLC-MS/MS检测黄曲霉毒素（AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和伏马毒素（FB1和FB2）。结果 重庆地区辣椒、花椒和八角中的真菌毒素总检出率分别为60.0%、100%、96.7%。AFs和OTA是三种香辛料最主要的污染毒素，其中AFG2是最主要的黄曲霉代谢产物。盘溪市场的AFs污染总体情况稍好，菜园坝市场AFs污染最严重；江津市场的OTA污染最为严重。结论 香辛料中存在真菌毒素污染，有必要建立香辛料中真菌毒素的限量标准。     

In-situ preparation of cross-linked hybrid anion exchange membrane of quaternized poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) covalently bonded with graphene

Introducing graphene into polymer matrix is an effective way to enhance performances of anion exchange membrane (AEM). However, utilizing the advantages of graphene by physical approach is limited due to the weak interface interaction between graphene and polymer matrix. Herein, we report an effective strategy to covalently bond graphene with polymer matrix to improve the interface interaction and further to improve the properties of AEM. A series of cross-linked quaternized graphene-based hybrid AEM were fabricated by covalently bonding poly (vinylbenzyl chloride) grafted graphene (GN-g-PVBC) copolymer with chloromethyl functionalized poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (SIBS) through the cross-linker (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine) by in-situ synthetic approach. The interface interaction between graphene and QSIBS is greatly enhanced according to micromorphology characterization of the hybrid membrane. The cross-linked quaternized hybrid AEM containing 0.55 wt% of GN-g-PVBC exhibits obviously improved dynamical mechanical properties (storage modulus: 418 MPa), ion conductivity (1.81 × 10² S cm^?1), methanol barrier property (5.19 × 10^?7 cm² s^?1), selectivity (3.49 × 10⁴ S s cm^?3) at 60 °C and especially a comparably excellent chemical stability to that of Nafion 115 due to the enhanced interface interaction between graphene and the polymer matrix.     

响应面法优化复方北冬虫夏草颗粒多糖提取工艺的研究

采用Box-Behnken设计星点响应面法对复方北冬虫夏草颗粒中多糖提取工艺进行优化研究。通过单因素试验考察料液比、提取时间和浸泡时间、提取次数4个因素对多糖得率的影响;通过Box-Behnken设计星点响应面试验,对北冬虫夏草、灵芝、甘草、大枣、小麦和桔梗中多糖提取工艺进行优化试验。优化后的提取工艺为:料液比1∶16.75(g/mL)、提取时间2 h、浸泡时间2.4 h、提取次数3次。通过Box-Behnken星点响应面试验方法进行的提取工艺优化,试验结果合理有效,优化效果良好。     

Dual action bactericides: Quaternary ammonium/N‐halamine‐functionalized cellulose fiber

Bi‐functional antibacterial material was prepared by co‐grafting N‐halamine and quaternary ammonium salt monomers from cellulose fiber. The grafted fiber was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. The N‐halamine derived from the precursor 4‐[(acryloxy)methyl]‐4‐ethyl‐2‐oxazolidinone via chlorination treatment and the oxidative chlorine (Cl⁺) leaching behavior were investigated. The antibacterial activities of singly (only QAs‐functionalized or only Cl⁺‐releasing) and dual (QAs‐functionalized and Cl⁺‐releasing) functional cellulose fibers were tested against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to singly functionalized formulations, the bi‐functional cellulose fiber exhibited excellent and rapid bactericidal performance against both E. coli and S. aureus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40070.     

载锆凝胶吸附除氟研究

以凝胶为材料,利用锆和氟可以形成配合物,通过接枝二乙烯三胺、载锆,得到载锆凝胶。载锆凝胶在15℃,pH约为6,振荡速度为120次/min,吸附时间为180 min时,可以固液比为0.003 g/mL除去10 mg/L的氟溶液中90.48%的氟离子,使其符合国家饮水标准。载锆凝胶适于处理偏酸性的含氟水。Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、NO-3、Cl-对载锆凝胶除氟基本无影响,H2PO-4、SO2-4影响适中,CO2-3影响严重。载锆凝胶吸附氟可用Langmuir等温吸附模型描述。15℃下,根据Langmuir模型计算得到的最大吸附量为10.31 mg/g。     

后酯化法制备聚羧酸盐系高效减水剂的研究

通过丙烯酸与烯丙基磺酸钠的自由基共聚制备了含有羧基和磺酸基团的共聚物,然后将其与聚乙二醇单烷基醚进行酯化反应,合成了可用作高效减水剂的聚羧酸盐接枝共聚物。通过CPC、红外光谱和化学滴定等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征。在此基础上讨论了接枝共聚物主链分子量、支链长度以及羧基、磺酸基和聚氧乙烯支链三者的摩尔比等因素对减水剂性能的影响。并研究了减水剂掺量对水泥净浆和砂浆性能的影响。     

界面增容剂的结构对PLA/PP共混体系界面状态及性能的影响

通过在聚乳酸(PLA)和聚丙烯(PP)共混体系中分别引入马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-GMA),制备出具有不同结构及性能的共混材料(PLA/PP/POE-g-MAH,PLA/PP/POE-g-GMA),并采用转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、平板流变仪及电子万能试验机等研究了不同界面增容剂的结构对PLA/PP共混体系界面状态及性能的影响。结果表明,POE-g-MAH和POE-g-GMA均可改善PLA与PP的相界面形态,但与POE-g-GMA相比,POE-g-MAH的界面催化效率更高,对PLA/PP共混体系增容效果更好,其可诱导PLA与PP在界面处形成微交联结构,增强PLA与PP的界面相互作用,改善材料的机械性能,当添加4wt%的POE-g-MAH时,PLA/PP/POE-g-MAH共混物的拉伸强度达29.7 MPa,断裂伸长率提升至39.3%,较PLA/PP样品提高了8倍;并且共混材料的冲击强度随着POE-g-MAH含量的增加而增加,当其添加量为6wt%时,材料冲击强度达30.1 kJ/m2,材料具有较好的刚韧平衡性。     

Low end‐to‐end delay fuzzy networking protocol for mobile wireless sensing

Because of the practical limitations of the energy and processing capabilities, the deployment of many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is facing two main challenges of increasing network lifetime and reducing End to End Delay (EED) which become critical when the nodes are mobile and use non‐rechargeable energy sources. One way to help to extend network lifetime is using fuzzy logic in a form of artificial intelligence. To this end we propose a new routing protocol for using mobile WSNs, which holds the nodes in an equal level of energy and decreases energy dissipation of the network. An optimum path is selected based on the cost of each node to increase network lifetime. In order to lessen EED, we also attempt to design a novel zoning‐scheme for the network area. In this scheme, zonation is dynamic and works based on the Data Link (DL) position. The simulation result shows a significant improvement in lifetime and EED by proposed protocol compared with existing protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.