Improving the performance of novel polysulfone-based membrane via sulfonation method: Application to water desalination

High-performance polymers for water desalination were designed. A novel polysulfone was prepared via reaction between a new synthesized pyridine-based diol and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone. Also a series of disulfonated copolymers with sulfonation content of 20–50 wt% were prepared to compare the hydrophilicity with the pristine polymer. The generated membranes were characterized by microscopic, mechanical, and thermal methods, and the influence of sulfonation degree on hydrophilicity, water flux, and salt rejection was followed. Water flux of sulfonated membranes was increased compare to pristine membrane as sulfonation increased, while the salt rejection decreased. Optimum application performance was obtained for membrane with 30 wt% sulfonation content. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48568.     

褐煤腐植酸磺化改性工艺及表征

为提高腐植酸的亲水性能,对褐煤腐植酸进行磺化改性。以Na2SO3为磺化剂,以磺化度为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了磺化温度、磺化剂固液比、磺化时间对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响,得到褐煤磺化腐植酸最佳制备条件,并通过红外光谱分析和热重分析对褐煤磺化腐植酸性能进行表征。结果表明:磺化温度对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响最大,其次为磺化时间,磺化剂固液比影响较小。在磺化温度50℃,磺化剂固液比2∶20,磺化时间90 min条件下制备的褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度为17.72%。红外光谱表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸含有苯环、羧基、羟基、酚羟基,磺酸基团明显增多,褐煤腐植酸磺化改性成功。热重分析表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸低于200℃时稳定,大于200℃时发生裂解反应;小于330℃裂解反应为吸热过程,大于330℃为放热过程。     

FDN—J高效混凝土减水剂的研制

ＦＤＮ—Ｊ高效混凝土减水剂是利用新疆八一钢铁公司煤焦油提取的粗萘为原料研制而成。该剂对混凝土的工作性和物理力学性能均有显著的改变和较好的技术经济效果。     

微通道反应器中工业混合直链烷基苯磺酸盐的连续合成工艺研究

直链烷基苯磺酸是一种重要的阴离子表面活性剂,由其合成的直链烷基苯磺酸盐是价格低廉的表面活性剂之一,广泛应用于洗涤和三次采油等领域。以某煤制油企业的工业混合烯烃生产的直链烷基苯为原料,在微通道反应器中连续合成直链烷基苯磺酸,考察磺化温度、原料摩尔比以及磺化剂浓度等工艺条件对磺酸产物的影响规律,并与纯十六烷基苯磺化规律进行对比。研究发现混合直链烷基苯磺化过程中各个工艺条件对产品收率的影响较大。在反应温度为50℃,SO₃与LAB摩尔比为1.0∶1,停留时间为5.09 s条件下,最终产品中活性物含量可达到94.5%(质量)。同时,设计并搭建了微反应器小试平台,实现连续合成混合烷基苯磺酸盐,磺酸盐产品收率在90%以上,可为该工艺的工业应用提供技术支持。     

N,N-bis(sulfopropyl)aminyl-4-phenyl polysulfone and O,O′-bis(sulfopropyl)resorcinol-5-yl-4-phenyl polysulfone composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Novel functionalized polysulfone with high local density of sulfonic acid groups, N,N-bis(sulfopropyl)aminyl-4-phenyl polysulfone or O,O′-bis(sulfopropyl)resorcinol-5-yl-4-phenyl polysulfone (PSF-X-C₃H₆SO₃H, X = N or O) are synthesized. These polymers are synthesized by bromination of polysulfone followed by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to graft the aminophenyl groups and the dimethoxyphenyl groups onto the polymeric backbone, followed by introduction of the sulfopropyl groups via sultone ring-opening reaction. In addition, the composite membrane of PSF-O-C₃H₆SO₃H and PSF-N-C₃H₆SO₃H is also synthesized for comparison. The maximum proton conductivity of composite PSF-O-C₃H₆SO₃H and PSF-N-C₃H₆SO₃H reaches 46.66 mS cm⁻¹ at 95 °C and 90% RH, higher than PSF-O-C₃H₆SO₃H (42.06 mS cm⁻¹) and PSF-N-C₃H₆SO₃H (38.76 mS cm⁻¹). Meanwhile, the composite exhibits compromised water uptake and swelling ratio, and low methanol permeability. The excellent overall performance of the composite is attributed to phase-separation between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic subphases, and the hydrogen-bonding network developed in the hydrophilic subphases.     

微反应器中十二烷基苯液相SO_3磺化过程

石油磺酸盐和重烷基苯磺酸盐是三次采油用重要阴离子表面活性剂,其主要成分是烷基苯磺酸盐。本研究以十二烷基苯(DDB)液相SO3磺化为模型反应,研究微反应器内的烷基苯磺酸合成反应过程特性,考察了液体流量、反应温度、磺化剂中SO3含量、反应通道长度、SO3与十二烷基苯物质的量比、微反应器结构、搅拌时间等参数的影响。结果表明,十二烷基苯磺化过程受传质控制,微反应器对反应初始阶段的强化作用明显,在SO3与十二烷基苯物质的量比为1.1时,采用微反应器与釜式反应器串联模式合成十二烷基苯磺酸,收率高达93.7%,为微反应器生产重烷基苯磺酸的路线提供了重要基础。     

磺化聚醚醚酮磺化度的测定及其对质子交换膜性能的影响

以聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和浓硫酸为原料,采用后磺化法制备不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）。采用核磁共振法测定SPEEK的磺化度,并研究了磺化度对SPEEK质子交换膜性能的影响。结果表明：磺化度高于80％的SPEEK会发生过度溶胀,而磺化度为48％～65％范围的SPEEK膜表现出较好的质子传导率、阻醇性能及抗吸水性能。