In the present study, biodiesel production from the crude cotton-seed oil (CSO) and its feasibility to be used as fuel in compression ignition engine was analysed. Single-stage transesterification at molar ratio of 8:1 on crude CSO yielded 94% of cottonseed biodiesel (CBD). Gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 19.5% unsaturated and 80.5% saturated esters in cotton seed biodiesel. Taguchi approach identified the stable fuel blend with oxygenate concentration. Increased oxygen concentration up to 20% were also analysed to understand the variation. Higher peak in-cylinder pressure was observed in D80CBD20 fuel blend. Diesel–biodiesel blend with oxygenate significantly affected the ignition delay and also resulted in varied exhaust gas temperature. D80CBD20nB10 showed an increase in brake thermal efficiency, whereas D80CBD20 exhibited higher brake specific energy consumption at full load. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emission was found to be high in diesel with higher oxides of nitrogen in D80CBD20nB10. This experimental investigation finally revealed that, D80CBD20nB10 improved the combustion and performance characteristics with minimal emissions.
Abbreviations ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials; BP: brake power; BSEC: brake specific energy consumption; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CBD: cottonseed biodiesel; CI: compression ignition; CO: carbon monoxide; CO2: carbon dioxide; CSO: cottonseed oil; DEE: diethyl ether; DOE: design of experiments; EGT: exhaust gas temperature; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; GC/MS: gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry; HC: hydrocarbon; HRR: heat release rate; HSDI: high speed direct injection; IDI: indirect injection; KOH: potassium hydroxide; MFB: mass fraction burned; NaOH: sodium hydroxide; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; N2O: nitrous oxide; NO: nitric oxide; NO2: nitrogen dioxide; NOx: oxides of nitrogen; ROHR: rate of heat release; ROPR: rate of pressure rise; SOC: start of combustion; aTDC: after top dead centre; bTDC: before top dead centre 相似文献
The present study deals with the estimation of toxic phorbol esters in Balanites aegyptiaca seed cake and to evaluate the performance and combustion characteristics of different blends of biodiesel in a diesel engine. The seeds were manually collected from arid regions of Rajasthan, India and the oil extracted from the powdered kernel with Solvent extraction process. The extracted oil processed by enzymatic catalytic reactions are carried out at optimum operating conditions such as the molar ratio of 8:1 (methanol:oil), reaction temperature at 40°C for 4?h reaction time and xylanase 1% based on oil weight. The total conversion rate of extracted oil to methyl ester by enzymatic reactions yields up to 98.3%. The toxic content of seed cake was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Shimadzu). The performance and combustion parameters such as BP, BTE and CP decreased, whereas BSFC and DP increased with biodiesel blends. 相似文献
A type of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) was produced by chemical transesterification of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) and flaxseed oils. Under the optimal substrate conditions of 60%, catalyst loading of 0.3% at 60 °C for 15 min, the product contained MLCT (74.06%), ALA (37.26%) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (11.25%). After that, changes in fatty acid (FA) composition, physicochemical properties and minor compounds after chemical transesterification (CTE) were investigated. The correlations analysis results of these factors on oxidative stability showed these factors could be divided into positive and negative groups. Although DAG appears to be beneficial in slowing down oil oxidation, it is critical to avoid its mass production because it would decrease MLCT. 相似文献
Diesel engines are widely used in the surface transport system. They are the main source of economic growth of a nation. Nowadays, awareness of the environment compels people to adopt stringent emission norms. The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in the emission levels have caused concerns globally. An eco-friendly alternate is required to fulfil the growing demand. This paper focuses on alternate fuels and the importance of choosing palm oil. The energy density and higher cetane number are its major advantages. Also it reduces environmental pollution drastically. The viscosity of palm oil is a problem like other vegetable oils, which affects the fuel spray pattern. It reduces the efficiency of the combustion to a large extent. To overcome the problem, the pre-heating technique and transesterification process are adopted in this work. Performance tests were conducted on a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer, and emission was monitored using an AVL exhaust gas analyser. The results indicated that vegetable oil fuels have lower brake thermal efficiency compared to that of diesel. Pre-heated oil and methyl ester showed an appreciable reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and higher exhaust temperature and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. 相似文献
Transition to alternative energy is receiving serious attention globally and in this very way, biodiesel from inedible neem can be an alternative to conventional liquid fuels as it contains 30–45%?wt of oil. In this study, esterification and transesterification reaction of methanol and triglycerides at a molar ratio of 7:1 was done and maximum 96% by volume biodiesel was extracted. Physiochemical properties of neem biodiesel lies within ASTM standards and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of neem biodiesel reveals the presence of strong esters and the alkane group. The maximum efficiencies were found to be 22.8% and 22.3%, whereas minimum brake specific fuel consumptions were observed to be 0.57 and 0.59?kg/kW-hr for diesel and B20, respectively. Moreover, B20 provides less emission of HC, COx and increase in NOx. Taking all into consideration, if at least 60% of the arid lands is utilised to cultivate neem trees then it will minimise the import of fossil fuel to an extent of 8.75%. 相似文献