含齿形裂隙类岩石材料单轴压缩试验研究

为研究含齿形裂隙岩石在单轴压缩下的破坏特征及强度特性，制作了含不同裂隙倾角和起伏角的齿形裂隙类岩石材料试件，并采用岩石力学伺服试验机进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）试件主要产生拉伸、剪切和拉剪复合裂纹，且根据裂纹的扩展路径可划分为A型（拉伸破坏）、B型（剪切破坏）、C型（复合破坏）3种破坏模式，裂隙倾角对试件最终破坏模式影响显著；（2）当裂隙倾角较小时，试件应力—应变曲线为多峰曲线，随着裂隙倾角的增大，曲线呈单峰形式，表现为延性减弱，脆性增强，而裂隙倾角相同但起伏角不同的试件应力—应变曲线大致相同；（3）当裂隙起伏角相同时，试件当量峰值强度随裂隙倾角的增大呈先减小后增大的规律，且裂隙起伏角对试件当量峰值强度的影响小于裂隙倾角。     

Evaluation of Robustness of the Biosurfactant Derived from Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a widely distributed xerophytic multipurpose tree. The mesocarp of the fruit of B. aegyptiaca has detergent properties due to the presence of saponins. The stability potential of this biosurfactant at varying pH, temperature, and salinity has not been explored so far. In the present study, the relative surface tensions of five different concentrations of the biosurfactant were studied at different temperatures, salinity, and under pH conditions. This study reveals that this biosurfactant retains its activity over a wide range of pH (3–11) and at high salinity (7% NaCl). It is a thermostable cationic surfactant; surfactant activity was recorded even at 100 °C with the lowest relative surface tension of 0.47. High oil displacement (18.00 mm) was observed when studied with petrol. This biosurfactant was found to have a high emulsification index (E₂₄) of 70% with mustard oil. These results indicate that biosurfactant derived from B. aegyptiaca may find use in a wide range of sectors such as textile, food, cosmetics, oil recovery, and healthcare under a wide range of physical and chemical conditions. It offers an efficient, economically viable, and plant-derived alternative to synthetic detergents and adds a way to maintain a sustainable environment.     

液体介质处理对纳米隔热材料细观结构的影响

为研究液体介质处理对纳米隔热材料细观结构的影响，并掌握材料结构对毛细管力的承受性，将纳米隔热材料分别在无水乙醇和去离子水中进行了浸泡和常温常压干燥处理。采用热导率测试结合SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、光学显微镜等对材料处理前后的细观结构进行了表征，并以Kaganer双孔模型对气相热导率随环境气压的变化进行了描述。研究结果表明，材料固体骨架颗粒尺度和孔隙结构均不受无水乙醇处理的影响；去离子水处理后的材料固体骨架颗粒尺度虽未改变，但颗粒之间的接触面积有所增大，并且孔隙结构发生了两极分化，一部分变大，另一部分变小；处理前以及无水乙醇处理后，材料的孔隙结构均可以等效为70 nm和300 nm两种尺度的典型孔隙，占比分别约为81%和19%，而去离子水处理后的材料孔隙结构需要等效为30 nm和60 μm两种尺度的典型孔隙，占比分别约为58%和42%。     

复卷机伺服张力控制系统设计及优化

本研究通过对复卷机工艺流程进行分析,分别对纸幅张力、速度和纠偏的控制系统进行了设计及优化,采用罗克韦尔PLC作为主控制器,结合伺服驱动器和伺服电机等,实现对纸幅张力的稳定控制。该控制系统在实际生产中取得了良好的控制效果,张力调整时间由之前的10 s缩短到5 s内,并且无超调量。     

基于人群搜索自抗扰控制的放卷张力控制系统

针对轧染机放卷运行中张力波动的问题,提出将自抗扰控制(ADRC)与人群搜索算法(SOA)相结合进行张力控制的方法。通过分析放卷张力系统,建立放卷张力系统数学模型,采用自抗扰控制方法推导得到解耦模型,利用人群搜索算法对自抗扰控制器中的主要参数进行在线调整,并建立人群搜索自抗扰控制器。通过与PID控制器仿真实验对比表明,所建立的控制器能够使放卷张力系统实现解耦控制,保证放卷张力系统的恒张力稳定运行,并且提升了放卷张力系统的抗干扰性能。     

电驱液压式大截面导线压接设备自动化研究

现有的压接设备可控性差、操作复杂,导致压接质量因人而异。针对此问题,提出了基于DDVC技术的导线压接设备自动化控制方案,建立了速度控制系统数学模型,应用Simulink进行仿真,分析系统性能。建立了基于DEFORM的耐张线夹压接实验模型,获得了耐张线夹压接的最佳加载速度曲线,并以此作为压接设备速度控制系统的Simulink仿真模型输入,对压接过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明:开环控制时系统存在一定的超调,加入PID控制后可有效抑制超调;所设计的压接设备可很好地跟随最佳压接曲线,跟随误差仅为0. 904 mm·s-1。研究成果对改进压接设备、提高压接质量提供了新的解决方案。     

Bitumen-water interfacial tension modeling by using subtractive clustering method

Calculation of interfacial tension during bitumen production is a crucial issue in heavy crude oil history. Upon variation in pressure, temperature and phases composition, interfacial tension between bitumen and water change. In this work a sophisticated method called subtractive clustering was utilized to predict dynamic interfacial tension between bitumen and water. The subtractive clustering method is composed of optimized fuzzy logic algorithm. A data bank which is collected from open-source literature, is used to create a reliable model. Then the prediction accuracy of the measured dynamic interfacial tension using subtractive clustering have been examined. Results state that the comparison of measured interfacial tension and predicted interfacial tension indicate acceptable accuracy of proposed model. Also more than 90 percent of data points have less than 3 percent absolute error.     

Spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy

The dynamical properties of spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy are analytically discussed. Using a two-dimensional asynchronous fractional Fourier transform, the exact analytical solutions of spiraling elliptic breathers are obtained to the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with unequal diffraction coefficients in the highly nonlocal limit. It is found that the spiraling elliptic breathers exhibit a kind of molecule-like libration due to the combined effects of the linear anisotropy and the orbital angular momentum. The angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers is discussed, which can be controlled by the linear anisotropy parameter. In the media with linear anisotropy such as uniaxial crystals, the angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers can be controlled by changing the propagation directions of optical beams. Furthermore, the nonlinearity of media is found to enhance the rotation effect of spiraling elliptic breathers.     

数字钻探随钻参数与岩石单轴抗压强度关系

针对常规的现场岩石单轴抗压强度测试方法周期长、成本高的问题,提出一种基于数字钻探测试岩石单轴抗压强度的方法。根据岩石钻进过程中的受力特点,基于能量分析法,推导了岩石单位切削能与随钻参数的关系式。同时,基于自主研发的多功能岩石钻探测试系统,开展了砂岩及不同强度砂浆试件等完整岩石的数字钻探试验,通过试验结果分析,建立了随钻参数与岩石单轴抗压强度的定量关系模型(DP-UCS模型),并对其进行了验证,结果表明:DP-UCS模型预测的单轴抗压强度与单轴压缩试验测定的单轴抗压强度的差异率平均值小于10%,证明了该模型的有效性。