从国内外专利看我国蛭石开发利用与世界的差距

介绍了蛭石的性质及国内外蛭石利用专利情况，分析了在应用领域、产品品种、加工处理方法等方面我国与国外的差距。     

蛭石对稀土离子的吸附性能研究

研究了蛭石对稀土离子的吸附作用 ,结果表明 :蛭石具有较强的吸附性能 ,吸附速度较快 ,影响吸附的主要因素是 pH值 ,其吸附机理符合阳离子交换吸附形式 ;通对稀土原地浸矿尾液的处理 ,达到回收稀土的目的 ,可用于实际生产中低浓度稀土的回收     

河南灵宝-陕西潼关工业蛭石热处理及X-射线衍射研究

为了了解蛭石在加热过程中结构的变化,本文对不同结构与成分类型的工业蛭石进行了加热处理,并进行了结构的X-射线定向晶片分析。结果表明,300℃时蛭石晶层完全失去层间水,900℃工业蛭石结构严重或完全破坏,出现玻璃相并伴有新相出现。     

蛭石的剥分研究现状及应用前景

综述了热膨胀法和化学药剂法剥分蛭石的研究现状，并着重对其热膨胀前的改性预处理和剥分机理进行了探讨，旨在为其制备工艺的改进提供理论指导。最后，介绍了剥分蛭石在冷藏、包装、吸附、防火、隔热、隔音等方面的主要应用。     

Treatment of oily waters using vermiculite

The main objective of this study was to examine the removal of oil from water by expanded and hydrophobized vermiculite. A pH of 9 showed a higher removal efficiency of oil by vermiculite. Oil removal efficiencies at pH 9 were found to be 79%, 93%, 90%, 57% for standard mineral oil (SMO), Canola oil (CO), Kutwell oil (KUT45), refinery effluent (RE), respectively, in the case of expanded vermiculite, and 56%, 58%, 47%, 43% for SMO, CO, KUT45 and RE, respectively, for hydrophobized vermiculite. Kinetic data satisfied both the Lagergren and Ho models. Equilibrium studies showed that the Langmuir isotherm was the best-fit isotherm for oil removal by both expanded and hydrophobized vermiculite. The data showed a higher adsorptive capacity by the expanded vermiculite compared to the hydrophobized vermiculite. Desorption studies showed that the expanded vermiculite did not desorb oil to the same extent compared to hydrophobized vermiculite. The Freundlich isotherm was the best-fit model for desorption. Expanded vermiculite showed better retention than hydrophobic vermiculite. The results showed that the expanded vermiculite had a greater affinity for oil than hydrophobized vermiculite.     

蛭石层状膜的制备及有机溶剂纳滤性能

受全球能源形势与环境问题影响,新型膜分离技术尤其是二维层状膜在分离领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而,目前使用的二维纳米材料化学环境相对复杂,且膜制备成本高昂,限制了其工业化推广。天然蛭石廉价易得,剥离简单,表面只含有硅羟基且其含量易于调控,可精确调控所制备层状膜层间亲疏水性,实现有机溶剂的高效渗透和极性与非极性溶剂的高效分离。研究发现：蛭石层状膜展现出优异的极性溶剂分子传递能力,而非极性溶剂则相对较低,其中乙腈分子渗透性高达1650L/（m²·h·bar)（1bar=0.1MPa）,甲苯分子渗透性仅为37.8L/（m²·h·bar),乙腈与甲苯的分离因子高达43.6,展现出优异的分子分离性能。本文所制备蛭石层状膜具有1.36nm的规则平直层间传递通道,对分子动力学直径大于层间距的结晶紫（1.5nm）、亮蓝（1.6nm）、酸性黄14（1.9nm）等染料分子的截留率均大于90%,截留性能优良。同时,蛭石层状膜具有良好的压力循环稳定性及抗污染能力, 展现出巨大的分离应用潜力。     

Water generation from atmospheric air by using different composite desiccant materials

In this communication, new composite desiccant materials having 37% concentration of CaCl₂ have been compared for water production from atmospheric air. The vermiculite–saw wood, jute and burnt-clay have been used as host materials and CaCl₂ as a hygroscopic salt. All the desiccant materials have been tested with the solar glass desiccant box type system (SGDBS) with a collector area of 0.36?m². Design parameters for water production are: height of the glass from the desiccant bed to be 0.22?m, an inclination angle of 30°, the effective thickness of the glass as 3?mm and the number of glazing is single. It has been found that on the experimental day, the maximum amount of fresh water generated by the vermiculite–saw wood/CaCl₂ is 130?ml/kg/day.     

Strategic Shuffling of Clay Layers to Imbue Them with Responsiveness

Layers of naturally occurring clay minerals are rearranged to prepare highly sensitive multiresponsive clay–clay bilayer membrane (CCBM). The CCBM introduced here responds to the minuscule changes in the surrounding environments including temperature, humidity, and presence of solvent vapors by morphing in specific manners. Strips cut from CCBM exhibit up to 588 N kg^?1 force output when exposed to temperature fluctuations. Inheriting the natural stability of clay minerals, CCBM demonstrates extreme robustness, heating up to 500 °C, cooling with liquid N₂ and exposure to corrosive chemical vapors did not deteriorate its bending performance. Mechanistic studies suggest that shape transformations of CCBM are driven by the unequal response of its components to external stimuli.     

新疆尉犁蛭石的物相组成

为了进一步提高新疆尉犁蛭石的应用价值,用X射线衍射、红外光谱分析、差热-热重分析和化学成分分析法研究新疆尉犁蛭石的物相组成。结果表明：蛭石矿中存在混层比不同的两种蛭石-云母混层矿物,确定蛭石与云母晶层比分别为6：4和4：6,且均非严格地规则混层;样品中的云母和云母晶层以金云母为主,蛭石为Mg型和Na型蛭石。用基体清洗法...     

增强纤维对复合摩擦材料性能的影响

复合摩擦材料是以高分子化合物为粘结剂、以无机或有机类纤维为增强组分、以填料为摩擦性能调节剂的复合功能材料。通过添加芳纶浆粕纤维和膨胀蛭石,考察低温条件下增强纤维对复合摩擦材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着芳纶浆粕纤维含量的增加,洛氏硬度与之近似满足线性关系,冲击强度缓慢提高,摩擦系数及磨损量也增大;随膨胀蛭石含量的增加,其力学性能和摩擦系数均呈峰形变化,分别在2%、3%时达最大值,但磨损量的变化不大。