超支化聚合物对羊毛织物的改性研究

为了改善羊毛织物的防毡缩性能,利用三羟甲基磷(THP)交联作用,将端氨基超支化聚合物(HBP-NH2)共价结合到羊毛纤维上,并测试整理后织物防毡缩、抗菌和染色性能及断裂强力变化。结果表明:单独使用超支化聚合物处理,羊毛织物的毡缩率由20.69%下降到17.31%,未达到羊毛织物防毡缩的目的;而经三羟甲基磷/超支化聚合物处理后,羊毛织物的毡缩率下降到7.43%,达到机可洗标准;且抑菌率达92.37%,低温条件下羊毛织物的染色性能也得到明显改善。     

废旧毛涤黏混纺面料脱色预处理工艺研究

以废旧毛涤黏混纺面料为研究对象,首先对面料进行清洁与消毒,然后对其组分进行定性、定量分析,最后通过单因素法优化,得出最佳的溶胀工艺为:m_(废旧面料)∶m_(DMSO)=1∶10,溶胀时间40 min,溶胀温度90℃。在该工艺下对织物进行溶胀处理,得到织物的质量损失率为3.06%,K/S值为16.906。     

牦牛绒过氧化氢/过硫酸铵脱色体系工艺优化及其机制

针对现有商业化牦牛绒脱色过程复杂、脱色时间长等问题,提出新型过氧化氢/过硫酸铵体系牦牛绒脱色工艺。在尽可能提高纤维白度的前提下尽量减少纤维损伤,通过单因素试验确定了脱色时间、过硫酸铵用量和试剂pH值,对脱色工艺进行探讨并与商业化脱色牦牛绒进行比较。结果表明:采用过硫酸铵质量浓度为400 g/L,试剂pH值为9,在室温下脱色为180 min可达到商业脱色牦牛绒的效果,脱色时间节省至原来的1/8;脱色机制分析发现,脱色过程中硫酸根自由基起主要作用,羟基自由基起次要作用。该脱色工艺简单,为牦牛绒高值化利用提供了新的解决方案。     

纳米微晶功能性莫代尔/羊绒/舒弹丝混纺纱开发

针对目前市场中的功能性整理剂多是通过对织物表面涂层进行功能附入,织物经水洗后功能会明显减弱,且会出现手感不佳等问题,采用将粒径为5 nm左右的远红外抗菌功能晶体镶嵌到羊绒纤维鳞片结构层中的方法,使纤维具有永久性抗菌功能。采用功能性羊绒纤维、莫代尔及舒弹丝,通过精梳毛纺工艺系统与棉纺工艺系统相结合的方式纺制功能性莫代尔/羊绒/舒弹丝45/30/25混纺纱,并对纺纱设备的重要部件进行改造,较好地解决了混纺纱毛粒问题。测试结果表明:该混纺纱织物具有良好的抗起毛起球性能、保暖性及抗菌性能。     

Effects of monomer compatibility on sizing properties of feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA)

In order to endow feather keratin with good sizing properties for all-polyester or high-polyester yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers with a variation in feed molar ratio from 10/90 to 30/70 were grafted onto the molecular chains of native feather keratin under equal monomer concentration. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA/AA on sizing properties of the feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA) were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, mechanical properties of sizing film, and adhesion to polyester fibers. It was found that grafting MA & AA monomers with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve sizing properties of grafted feather keratin, such as adhesion to polyester fibers and toughness of sizing film. In view of overall performance of the grafted feather keratin sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AA should be 20/80.     

羊毛混纺户外运动服用针织面料开发与性能评价

为满足人们对春秋季户外休闲运动服装的需求,采用藏青羊毛纱、白色羊毛纱、涤纶丝以及锦纶丝为原料,在双面电脑提花机上开发4款羊毛针织面料,并选择2款规格相近的高密度面料作为对比样。对6种面料的耐磨性、顶破强力、抗起毛起球性、透气量、悬垂系数、克罗值、液态水分管理能力进行测试分析,采用模糊综合评价方法对面料的服用舒适性能进行评价,最后选出服用性能最好的羊毛针织面料,为羊毛户外休闲运动针织面料的开发提供参考。     

Eco-friendly food products as source of natural colorant for wool yarn dyeing

ABSTRACT

Food products as a source of natural colorants are gaining widespread popularity around the globe due to their ayurvedic and eco-friendly nature. Current study is aimed with the utilization of food products (Saffron and madder) as a source of dye for woolen yarn. It is found that, for Saffron, irradiation of yarn for 6 min gives high color strength by dyeing for 45 min in the presence of 2% of salts using un-irradiated dye bath of 1 pH, whereas for madder, 4 min is optimal irradiation time for extract to dye irradiated yarn for 25 min in the presence of 6% of salts using the irradiated dye bath of pH 1. The mordanting carried out at optimal conditions show that using both extracts, woolen yarn dyed at optimal conditions has given good color characteristics. It is concluded that microwave radiation has not only improved natural dyeing process but also make the process more eco-friendly and sustainable as well.     

季铵型改性壳聚糖的制备及其在兔毛织物抗菌整理中的应用

以三乙胺和环氧氯丙烷为原料，合成醚化剂3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵。以甲壳素为原料通过醚化反应合成了季铵型甲壳素（CCT），再经脱乙酰得到季铵型阳离子改性壳聚糖（CCTS）。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁碳谱（¹³C NMR）对其化学结构进行了表征，运用黏度法和分光光度法测定了黏均分子量和溶解性等理化性能。采用最小抑菌法对CCTS的抗菌活性进行了测定，得到其对大肠杆菌的最低有效抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.2g/L，优于天然壳聚糖的MIC值。以柠檬酸为交联剂、次磷酸钠为催化剂，用CCTS对兔毛织物进行抑菌整理，考察织物经整理的抑菌效果和耐洗性。经5次洗涤后结果表明，CCTS对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达99.9%以上，抑菌率高于CCT和天然壳聚糖，是一种针对动物毛织物良好的天然高分子长效抑菌整理剂。     

改性玄武岩岩棉去除富营养化水体中磷的研究

对废弃玄武岩岩棉通过改性去除富营养化水中的磷,进行了试验研究.结果表明,采用超声波加热、浓度为1%的NaOH改性的岩棉对磷的去除效果最佳,当水体中总磷的浓度为0.58～0.85mg/L时,在改性岩棉用量为每7g/100mL、吸附时间为90min、pH为7.2的试验条件下,总磷的去除率为50%以上,使用后的岩棉经再生可重复使用.