Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Cross-linked Xanthan Gum-Grafted Acrylic Acid Copolymer for Controlled Delivery of Perindopril Erbumine (PE)

A novel xanthan gum-co-acrylic acid superabsorbent hydrogel composite was formulated by free radical polymerization reaction of acrylic acid on xanthan gum. Effect of variables like dynamic swelling ratio, equilibrium swelling ratio, drug loading and drug release was investigated. Swelling ratio increases with decrease in crosslinker concentration. Drug release studies were conducted in pH 7.4 and 0.1N HCl. In acidic environment, drug release was low whereas it was sustained release in alkaline. XG4 showed significant swelling and drug release up to 24?hr. Physicochemical evaluation also confirmed it was optimized formulation. Hence XG4-co-AA was optimized for once daily dose of Perindopril Erbumine.     

四种多糖代替明矾改善红薯粉的品质特性

以阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、果胶四种天然多糖代替传统红薯粉生产中的明矾，研究了4种添加剂对红薯粉品质的影响。以添加剂种类为因素，添加剂量为水平，通过单因素和复配实验对红薯粉相关品质进行了测试。实验表明4种多糖对红薯粉品质有着不同的影响，其中阿拉伯胶对样品断条率影响较大，当阿拉伯胶添加量为0.1%时，样品断条率最低，为23.51%；海藻酸钠主要影响红薯淀粉流变性质，当添加水平为0.5%时，相应的应力、黏度和法向应力分别为76.97 Pa、3.85 Pa?s、-12.53 Pa；黄原胶对红薯粉的硬度性影响较大，当添加水平为0.2%时，其硬度达到18.83 N；果胶主要影响样品的内聚性、咀嚼性，当添加水平为0.3%和0.1%时，样品的内聚性和咀嚼性分别达到0.70 Ratio和20.51 mJ；而使用0.1%阿拉伯胶、0.4%海藻酸钠、0.4%黄原胶、0.3%果胶与0.2%阿拉伯胶、0.3%海藻酸钠、0.4%黄原胶、0.1%果胶复配而成的复合添加剂，其样品拉伸力分别达到0.60 N、0.62 N，断条率分别为23.25%、24.66%，能够显著提升红薯粉的各项性质，改善红薯粉的品质。结果表明可以通过天然多糖复配的方法有效替代红薯粉上产中有害的明矾。     

Incorporation of calcium salts into xanthan gum matrices: hydration,erosion and drug release characteristics

Xanthan gum (XG), a hydrophilic biopolymer with modified release properties, was used to produce directly compressed matrix tablets containing a model drug, sodium p-aminosalicylate. Three formulations were prepared, each containing a different calcium dihydrate salt: calcium chloride, calcium sulfate or dibasic calcium phosphate. The aim of the investigation was to relate the calcium ion content and solubility of the calcium salt to the in vitro drug release profile of the xanthan matrices. Tablet hydration, erosion and drug release were determined in distilled water using the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) paddle method. The data showed that the overall drug release was the greatest with addition of calcium sulfate, followed by calcium chloride and dibasic calcium phosphate. The chloride salt formulation displayed the greatest percentage erosion due to rapid mass loss during the initial phase, followed by those with sulfate or phosphate salts. As xanthan gel viscosity increased and drug release was also found to be lower, it can be concluded that drug release is influenced by the solubility of the salt present in the formulation, since these parameters determine the viscosity and structure of the gel layer.     

Biopolymers interaction elaborating using viscoelastic relaxation spectra,network parameters,and thermodynamic properties

Herein, oscillatory rheological measurements were performed to study the interaction behavior of xanthan gum‐sage seed gum blends at different ratios (SSG‐XG: 1–0, 3–1, 1–1, 1–3, 0–1), from the dynamic viscosity behavior, relaxation spectrum, fracture properties, network parameters, and thermodynamic points of view at the temperature range of 10–90°C. Then, the coefficient of the interaction of four parameters, which were obtained from the clustering technique and Han curves, were used to investigate the interaction behavior quantitatively. At 90°C, SSG showed 2.01 extent of loss modulus overshoot, which was the highest value among different gum dispersions at different temperatures, while XG showed strain softening behavior. At 10 and 90°C, SSG and 1–1 SSG‐XG showed the highest spreadability reflected by the slope of loss tangent after flow point stress (tan δ_AF ) of 0.52 and 0.40, respectively. The high values of ψ parameter, which represented the Gibbs free energy change, of both 1–3 and 3–1 SSG‐XG blends and the lowest entropy value of 1–3 SSG‐XG, suggested that the role of entropy change in incompatibility behavior of 1–3 SSG‐XG was higher than that of 3–1 SSG‐XG blend. With the increase in temperature from 10 to 70°C, the XG Euclidean distance from SSG decreased, while it increased from 70 to 90°C and showed the highest Euclidean distance with XG at 10°C (3.92) and 90°C (4.05). Interaction coefficients and Han curves results showed that all blends were incompatible with the lowest antagonistic behavior for 1–1 SSG‐XG dispersion at 50°C. Often, a mixture of hydrocolloids, especially xanthan gum and a galactomannan, are employed in processed foods to modify their rheological properties and cut the cost. The synergistic/non‐synergistic effect of biopolymers mixture, which is invaluable from the practical and economical points of view, seems to be mainly induced by their thermodynamic status of interaction. Our former study showed that the thermodynamic indices of mixing could be probed by mechanical parameters. On the other hands, we found that the mechanical properties of materials are highly temperature dependent. Therefore, in this study, to better investigate the effect of temperature on the biopolymers interaction, first we classified all the thermodynamic and mechanical properties (relaxation spectrum, fracture properties, and network parameters) of hydrocolloids into four classes, then one parameter was selected randomly from each class. The selected parameters were employed to investigate the synergistic/non‐synergistic effect at all temperature ranges by determining the interaction coefficient and decide on the best interaction temperature.     

刺云实胶与黄原胶复配体系质构及流变性研究

将总浓度为1%的刺云实胶(TG)与黄原胶(XTG)按照不同的质量比复配,采用质构仪和流变仪对复配体系的凝胶特性和流变学特性进行测定,通过Carreau模型对流动曲线进行拟合分析,并利用电子扫描显微镜分析复配体系网络形成机理。结果表明:在质构分析中TG与XTG质量比为64时有最大的凝胶强度;在流变分析中TG与XTG质量比为64时呈现最大表观黏度并且在频率扫描和温度扫描中表现出最大的储能模量(G′)。因此,TG与XTG的最佳复配比例为质量比64。在pH为5～10时,最佳复配比例体系的黏度保持相对稳定;当添加盐离子(Na+、Ca2+)后,体系黏度降低,Ca2+降低的趋势更为显著。通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析,表明在TG与XTG之间存在明显的协同增效作用,可形成良好的凝胶网络结构。     

黄原胶辅助干热改性淀粉纳米颗粒的理化特性研究

以玉米淀粉纳米颗粒为原料,通过黄原胶辅助对其进行干热改性,以便改善淀粉纳米颗粒的加工特性,扩大其应用范围。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、流变仪、X-衍射分析仪、透射电镜(TEM)等对干热处理前后的纳米颗粒与黄原胶共混物的热特性、流变特性以及微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,经黄原胶辅助干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒的糊化温度和焓值显著增加,表明纳米颗粒的结构增强,热稳定性增加。与未经干热处理的样品相比,干热混合物的储能模量(G')值显著升高、而损失因子(tanδ)明显降低,表明干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒乳液的凝胶性增强,呈现更加偏向于类固体的性质。TEM结果显示,淀粉纳米颗粒的直径在100 nm左右,与黄原胶混合干热后,有聚集现象,且颗粒有缩小的趋势。本研究可作为淀粉纳米颗粒物理改性的一种新方法,为生产改性淀粉纳米颗粒提供参考。     

黄原胶对体外模拟消化过程中4种竹叶黄酮生物可及性的影响

目的:竹叶碳苷黄酮在胃肠道消化过程中易于降解,导致其生物可及性低,因此,本研究拟探究黄原胶存在时,4种碳苷黄酮(异荭草苷、荭草苷、异牡荆素、牡荆素)在各模拟消化阶段生物可及性的变化情况。方法:利用体外模拟消化模型结合超高效液相色谱技术,分析在有/无黄原胶存在的条件下,竹叶提取物中4种碳苷黄酮质量浓度的变化情况。结果:相较于直接消化样品,添加黄原胶的样品可以明显减弱模拟消化过程中碳苷黄酮的降解;口腔、胃、肠道模拟消化对竹叶碳苷黄酮的生物可及性影响存在差异,黄原胶的加入可以明显提高4种碳苷黄酮,尤其是牡荆素和异牡荆素的生物可及性,模拟肠道消化后,黄原胶保护组的异牡荆素和牡荆素质量浓度分别降低了62%和59%,远低于直接消化组(分别降低84%和80%)。结论:黄原胶可以明显提升体外模拟消化过程中竹叶碳苷黄酮的生物可及性,对于相关功能产品的开发具有良好的应用价值。     

Physicochemical properties and release behavior of indomethacin-loaded polysaccharide membranes

Abstract

Polyelectrolyte complex based on chitosan and xanthan gum and containing the anti-inflammatory indomethacin at three different concentrations were developed with the intent of using these drug-loaded membranes as bioactive wound dressings. The resulting incorporation efficiency of indomethacin into the membranes was above 95%. The drug-loaded membranes were quite stable and exhibited a high degree of swelling in aqueous solutions. Studies of drug release in phosphate buffer saline solutions indicated that the formulation containing 20?mg of drug per gram of biopolymer is able to release the expected topical dosage in 6?h, thus showing a potential for biomedical application.     

黄原胶/膨润土复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法制备了黄原胶(XG)/膨润土有机-无机复合SAP(高吸水性树脂)。通过单因素试验法和正交试验法优选出制备复合SAP的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、XG与膨润土之间发生了接枝共聚反应;当m(AA)∶m(AM)=5∶1、AA中和度为75%、w(膨润土)=5%、w(引发剂)=1.0%和w(交联剂)=0.08%时,相应的复合SAP具有最大的吸水倍率(863.8 g/g)和吸盐水倍率(109.4 g/g)。