“镁合金腐蚀与防护”专题前言

正镁合金是目前工程应用最轻的金属材料,被誉为"21世纪的绿色工程材料",与钢、铝、铜、工程塑料等互补,为航空航天、国防军工、交通工具、电子通信等领域的材料应用提供了重要选择。但镁由于电极电位低、易腐蚀,已成为制约镁合金应用的瓶颈问题。因此,镁合金的腐蚀与防护已成为该领域的研究热点。     

不同相组成铸态Mg-xLi-1Al合金的阻尼性能(英文)

采用真空熔炼法制备三种不同相态的Mg-xLi-1Al三元合金,并使用光学显微镜、X射线衍射分析及动态力学分析仪研究其显微组织及阻尼性能。结果表明:由于锂含量的增加,合金的相结构发生转变且出现新的阻尼机制,其中BCC结构的出现使阻尼性能显著提高,同时弹性模量的减小也使临界应变振幅值降低。两相共存状态的合金随温度变化表现出较高的阻尼现象,并在低温与高温区均出现两个较为明显的峰值,其中低温区的P1峰是位错阻尼峰,高温区的P2峰是晶界阻尼峰。     

结构对变形镁合金减振性能的影响

采用有限元模拟对不同筋板布置方式的AZ31镁合金型材进行了瞬时动态数值模拟,并通过激励响应特性对AZ31镁合金型材的减振效果进行评估。结果表明:相同激励下,三角形筋板布置的镁合金型材减振性能优于其他形状筋板布置的型材,其中矩形筋板布置的镁合金型材减振性能最差。而后对模拟结论进行实验验证,实验结论与模拟相一致。最后,结合实验结果,对矩形筋板的布置方式提出优化改进方案,通过进一步的模拟计算发现型材整体变形、受力等都得到有效改善。     

Influence of impurities on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurity content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloys was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile test. ZK60 alloys were prepared by changing holding time of alloy melt during semi-continuous casting in order to control the content of impurity elements. The alloy with lower purity content is found to have less second precipitates and larger grain size in the as-cast state. However, in the as-extruded state, reducing impurities brings about a decrease in grain size and an increase in yield strength from 244 MPa to 268 MPa, while the elongations in the as-extruded alloys with different contents of impurities are almost the same. After T5 treatment, impurity content is found to have more obvious effect on the yield strength of ZK60 alloy. The yield strength of ZK60-45 alloys with low impurity content is increased up to 295 MPa after T5 treatment.     

Influence of impurities on damping properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurities on damping capacities of ZK60 magnesium alloys in the as-cast, as-extruded and T4-treated states was investigated by dynamically mechanical analyzer at room temperature. Granato and Lucke dislocation pinning model was employed to explain damping properties of the alloys. It is found that reducing impurity content can decrease the amount of second-phase particles, increase grain size and improve damping capacity of the as-cast alloy slightly. The as-extruded alloy with lower impurity content is found to possess obviously higher damping capacity in the relatively high strain region than that with higher impurity concentration, which appears to originate mainly from different dislocation characteristics. The variation tendency of damping property with change of impurity content after solution-treatment is also similar to that in the as-extruded and as-cast states. Meanwhile, the purification of the alloy results in an evident improvement in tensile yield strength in the as-extruded state.     

高硅铝合金标准样品的热变形行为

对高硅铝合金光谱标准样品在应变速率为0.01～1s-1、变形温度为350～500℃条件下的热压缩变形行为进行实验研究。结果表明:高硅铝合金热压缩变形中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的增加而降低;通过线性回归分析计算出高硅铝合金材料的应变硬化指数n以及变形激活能Q,获得了高硅铝合金高温条件下的流变应力本构方程;研究工艺参数(变形温度t、应变速率ε)对晶粒尺寸的影响,确定最佳工艺参数:t=400℃,ε=0.1s-1。     

轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度阻尼峰的影响(英文)

经过变形量4.7%的单道次室温轧制变形,Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的一次温度—阻尼谱出现了3个明显的阻尼峰;在二次温度—阻尼谱中,3个阻尼峰均发生变化,特别是第3阻尼峰P3受到抑制,变得非常不明显。对各阻尼峰峰温处淬火样品进行金相、XRD、EBSD等实验,研究轧制对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金温度—阻尼峰的影响。结果表明:在一次温度—阻尼谱中的P3峰处出现织构增强、孪晶急剧消失的现象;轧制变形后,3个温度—阻尼峰依次为位错阻尼峰、晶界阻尼峰和孪晶引发的再结晶阻尼峰;另外,随着拉伸孪晶的消失,室温轧制态Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金的应变阻尼性能大幅度恢复,高应变下接近均匀化退火态Mg-3Cu-1Mn的应变阻尼性能。这说明拉伸孪晶对Mg-3Cu-1Mn合金应变阻尼性能有不利的影响。     

热处理对AZ61镁合金力学性能和阻尼性能的影响

能的影响规律.     

Ti和Si在Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Al_(10)Ni_5大块金属玻璃中的原子扩散行为

采用二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)研究了Ti和Si原子在Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5大块金属玻璃(BMG)中的扩散行为,发现在玻璃转变温度Tg上下,其扩散系数的温度关系均分别符合同一Arrhenius关系式,表明玻璃转变并未引起扩散机制的变化。而且小原子Si比大原子Ti的扩散系数高约0.5～1个数量级,但其扩散激活能Q却相差不多,这是由于Si原子虽然原子半径较小,但它作为非金属元素与基材中的金属原子结合力较强,从而使得扩散激活能也较大。     

不同相组成Mg-Li二元合金的力学性能及阻尼性能

在氩气保护下采用电磁感应真空熔炼制备出单一α-Mg相、单一β-Li相及两相共存的3种不同相态的Mg-Li二元合金,并运用光学显微镜、XRD、阻尼测试及力学测试方法对合金的组织结构、力学性能及阻尼性能进行分析和讨论。结果表明:Li含量的增加使合金的相态发生改变,同时对合金起到晶粒细化的作用,且能有效地提高合金的屈服强度。体心立方结构的β-Li相会增大合金的临界应变振幅以及阻尼性能,但两相共存状态的Mg-Li合金具有最好的抗拉强度及伸长率。Mg-Li二元合金的新阻尼机制是由低温区域位错滑移、高温区域的晶界滑移以及合金中的晶格畸变这3种阻尼机制叠加而成。