CO2对油田地下水环境中Q235钢和X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探明辽河油田地下水环境中CO₂对Q235钢和X70管线钢的腐蚀规律,采用动电位极化技术及交流阻抗技术研究了不同CO₂浓度对该环境下两种钢腐蚀行为的影响,并利用光学显微镜对试样腐蚀界面进行表征。结果表明:随着CO₂浓度的增加,Q235和X70钢的交流阻抗图谱的半径均减小,腐蚀电流密度增大,腐蚀坑数量、深度和面积都增加,腐蚀敏感性增大。在低浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为10%时),Q235钢的腐蚀敏感性比X70钢更高;而在高浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为20%、40%、60%时),Q235钢的腐蚀速率反而较小,耐腐蚀性更好。     

基于COMSOL Multiphysics模拟的瓦斯抽采钻孔合理间距研究

为考察坪上煤业主采3号煤层的合理抽采钻孔间距，利用瓦斯在煤层中的运移和渗流规律，结合实测煤的参数条件，在相同的抽放负压、抽放时间等影响条件下，运用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件模拟了不同钻孔间距时所抽煤层在抽采时间为400 d时钻孔影响范围内煤体瓦斯含量变化规律，得出了满足抽采时间条件下的合理钻孔间距为5 m。结合矿井2305（上）回采面巷道内开展了不同钻孔间距实测，在相同的瓦斯地质参数及抽采系统条件下，连续抽采且观测时间达到400 d时各钻孔的瓦斯抽采纯量和钻孔浓度变化。确定了在抽采时间达到400 d时，抽采钻孔间距为5 m时的钻孔瓦斯浓度为35%、流量为0.04 m3/min，受抽采系统影响明显；而间距在6 m的钻孔的流量和浓度仍保持自然衰减特征。模拟和现场实测均验证了该矿瓦斯抽采钻孔间距布置以5 m最佳，该研究为实际生产过程中确定合理的钻孔间距提供理论依据，为矿井瓦斯抽采布局及瓦斯治理提供了技术保障。     

多相流管输体系中水合物沉积机理研究进展

国内外对多相流管输体系中水合物沉积的研究虽然很多，但水合物沉积机理仍有待进一步研究。本文根据水合物沉积实验开展条件的不同，将多相流管输体系分为气体主导体系、油基体系、部分分散体系、水主导体系，总结了各体系的水合物沉积的主要机理，并提出了未来的发展方向。管输体系中水合物沉积机理包括水润湿沉积表面、水合物颗粒聚并、水合物的管壁膜生长、水合物颗粒的管壁粘附和水合物的颗粒着床沉积等。大多数学者认为：水合物的管壁膜生长是气体主导体系水合物沉积的主要机理；油基体系水合物沉积的主要机理是水合物颗粒的着床沉积；而部分分散体系和水主导体系的水合物沉积机理尚无统一定论，需进一步研究。多相流管输体系中水合物沉积研究未来的发展方向如下。①搭建全透明的流动环路，观测水合物在管路内实际的形成过程及沉积过程，对水合物沉积机理进行深入研究。②量化研究油水分层、油包水(或水包油)乳状液、自由水层对水合物沉积、堵塞的影响。③对于气体主导体系，除环状流和分层流外，有必要对段塞流、气泡流等其他常见的流型下沉积机理进行研究，重点在于开发一个综合模型来描述水合物沉积过程。④对于水主导体系，水合物形成过程出现的油水破乳的具体机理应是未来水合物沉积过程进行定量研究的方向。⑤国内外对垂直管、弯管及管阀件处水合物沉积堵塞理论研究较少，未来应着重这方面。     

Effect of organic alkali,n-alkanol,and nonionic surfactant ternary compound system on viscosity reduction of viscous crude oil

To reduce the viscosity of viscous crude oil and flow resistance, the effect of a ternary compound system including organic alkali, n-alkanol, and nonionic surfactants on viscous crude oil viscosity reduction was studied. The results showed that n-alkanol effectively reduced the droplet size of an emulsion and the viscosity of viscous crude oil and improved the fluidity of viscous crude oil. Of the low-carbon n-alkanols, n-pentanol has the best viscosity-reducing effect. The organic alkali avoids the phenomenon of fouling and corrosion caused by inorganic alkali and reacts with the acidic macromolecular components in viscous crude oil to generate alkanolamides, which produce synergistic effects with nonionic surfactants and reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. In the ternary compound of organic alkali, n-alkanol, and nonionic surfactant, the viscosity reduction effect of viscous crude oil is significantly enhanced compared with that of a single reagent. The viscosity reduction rate of viscous crude oil of the diethanolamine ternary compound system reached 98.1% and was the best choice by experimental validation. It is shown that a reasonable formula of compound system and dosage can significantly reduce the viscosity of viscous crude oil.     

乙烯与1-癸烯共聚及其共聚物微观结构

采用合成的2种限制几何茂金属催化剂A(2 四甲基环戊二烯基 6 叔丁基苯氧基二氯化钛)、B(2-四甲基环戊二烯基-4,6-二叔丁基苯氧基二氯化钛)分别和助剂Al(iBu)3/［Ph3C］+［B (C6F5)4］-组成体系催化乙烯与1-癸烯共聚反应，并对共聚物微观结构的序列分布和链增长基元反应概率统计进行分析，探讨了该体系下的共聚机理和共聚物结构。结果表明：(1)共聚物主链上共聚单体1-癸烯质量分数在14.3%~67.2%之间；(2)共聚物链增长机理符合一级Markovian模型链增长机理；(3)所得共聚物结构更趋向于聚乙烯共聚物，1-癸烯更容易配位或插入到{共聚物主链-1-癸烯-1癸烯-催化剂}序列，乙烯更容易配位或插入到{共聚物主链-乙烯-乙烯-催化剂}序列；(4)随着1-癸-烯浓度的增加，乙烯与1-癸烯共聚物更趋向嵌段结构；(5)1-癸烯更容易插入到催化剂B上。     

C6H11NO/2TsOH型低共熔溶剂的制备及其催化氧化脱硫性能

通过加热溶解己内酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的混合物制备CC₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH型低共熔溶剂(DESs)，并对 C₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH进行红外和氢谱分析。以C₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH为萃取剂和催化剂，H₂O₂为氧化剂，催化氧化脱除模拟油中的硫化物。考察了反应温度、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)、C₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH用量和不同硫化物类型对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明：在低共熔溶剂加入量为1.0 g、温度为60 ℃、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)=4、模拟油体积为5 mL的反应条件下，C₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH对二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4，6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)和苯并噻吩(BT)的脱除率分别为97.32%、86.60%、77.80%；C₆H₁₁NO/2TsOH循环使用5次，催化活性无明显下降；动力学分析表明，作用下的氧化脱硫过程符合一级反应动力学。     

Li ion conduction of perovskite Li0.375Sr0.4375Ti0.25Ta0.75O3 and related compounds

In this work, perovskite-structured Li_0.375Sr_0.4375M_0.25N_0.75O₃ (M=Ti, Sn, N=Nb, Ta) solid electrolytes were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method. Phase compositions, fractured morphologies and conductivities of these compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and AC-impedance spectroscopy, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that all of Li_0.375Sr_0.4375M_0.25N_0.75O₃ (M=Ti, Sn, N=Nb, Ta) ceramics present perovskite structure. Pure Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ perovskite ceramics were obtained. But impurities were detected in Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Nb_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Nb_0.75O₃. Among all investigated compounds, Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ shows the highest total ionic conductivity of 2.60 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at room temperature and the lowest activation energy of 0.347 eV. Conductivities of Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Sn_0.25Nb_0.75O₃ were 4.4 × 10^?5 S cm^?1 and 1.82 × 10^?6 S cm^?1, respectively. Their conductivities were much lower than Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Ta_0.75O₃ and Li_0.375Sr_0.4375Ti_0.25Nb_0.75O₃.     

Zinc-Deficiency Induced g-C3N4 Nanosheets: Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Study and Carrier Dynamics

Catalysis Letters - g-C3N4 has great application prospect in the field of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation owing to the advantages of abundant raw materials, low toxicity, low consumption, high...