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1.
高熵形状记忆合金是在等原子比NiTi合金的基础上,结合高熵合金的概念,逐渐发展起来的一种新型高温形状记忆合金。近年来,已开发出了综合性能优异的(TiZrHf)50(NiCoCu)50系和(TiZrHf)50(NiCuPd)50系高熵形状记忆合金,引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣。本文从物相组成、微观组织、马氏体相变行为、形状记忆效应和超弹性等角度出发,综述了高熵形状记忆合金的研究进展,并对高熵形状记忆合金未来的研究重点进行了展望。  相似文献   
2.
In order to determine the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical and wear properties of Zn–40Al– 2Cu–2Si alloy, different heat treatments including homogenization followed by air-cooling (H1), homogenization followed by furnace-cooling (H2), stabilization (T5) and quench–aging (T6 and T7) were applied. The effects of these heat treatments on the mechanical and tribological properties of the alloy were studied by metallography and, mechanical and wear tests in comparison with SAE 65 bronze. The wear tests were performed using a block on cylinder type test apparatus. The hardness, tensile strength and compressive strength of the alloy increase by the application of H1 and T6 heat treatments, and all the heat treatments except T6, increase its elongation to fracture. H1, T5 and T6 heat treatments cause a reduction in friction coefficient and wear volume of the alloy. However, this alloy exhibits the lowest friction coefficient and wear volume after T6 heat treatment. Therefore, T6 heat treatment appears to be the best process for the lubricated tribological applications of this alloy at a pressure of 14 MPa. However, Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions shows lower wear loss or higher wear resistance than the bronze.  相似文献   
3.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are composed of multiple principal elements and exhibit not only remarkable mechanical properties,but also promising potentials for developing numerous new compositions.To fully realize such potentials,high-throughput preparation and characterization technologies are especially useful;thereby,the fast evaluations of mechanical properties will be urgently required.Revealing the relation between strength and hardness is of significance for quickly predicting the strength of materials through simple hardness testing.However,up to now the strength-hardness relation for HEAs is still a puzzle.In this work,the relations between tensile or compressive strength and Vickers hardness of vari-ous HEAs with hundreds of compositions at room temperature are investigated,and finally,the solution for estimating the strengths of HEAs from their hardness values is achieved.Data for hundreds of different HEAs were extracted from stud-ies reported in the period from 2010 to 2020.The results suggested that the well-known three-time relation (i.e.,hardness equals to three times the magnitude of strength) works for nearly all HEAs,except for a few brittle HEAs which show quite high hardness but low strength due to early fracture.However,for HEAs with different phase structures,different strengths should be applied in using the 3-time relation,i.e.,yield strength for low ductility body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs and ultimate strength for highly plastic and work-hardenable face-centered cubic (FCC) HEAs.As for dual-phase or multi-phase HEAs,similar 3-time relations can be also found.The present approach sheds light on the mechanisms of hardness and also provides useful guidelines for quick estimation of strength from hardness for various HEAs.  相似文献   
4.
Laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM)was used to fabricate bulk Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial multicomponent alloy using pre-alloyed powder.The room temperature yield strength(σy),ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)and elongation(εUST)were 645 MPa,917 MPa and 27.0%respectively.The as-built sample consisted of equiaxed and dendritic cellular structures formed by elemental segregation.These cellular structures together with oxide particle inclusions were deemed to strengthen the material.The other contributing components include dislocation strengthening,friction stress and grain bound-ary strengthening.The high εUTS was attributed to dislocation motion and activation of both twinning and transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP and TRIP).Tensile tests performed at-40℃and-130℃demonstrated superior tensile strength of 1041 MPa and 1267 MPa respectively.However,almost no twinning was observed in the fractured sample tested at-40℃and-130℃.Instead,higher fraction of strain-induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)ε phase transformation of 21.2%were observed for fractured sample tested at-40℃,compared with 6.3%in fractured room temperature sample.  相似文献   
5.
通过熔化极气体保护焊技术制备了Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金磨损试样,基于滚动三体磨粒环境下进行了干砂橡胶轮磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、维氏硬度计等显微分析和性能测试方法,对Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金熔敷金属的磨损失重和磨痕形貌进行检测与表征,研究了不同法向载荷条件下该熔敷金属的磨损行为变化规律。结果表明:随法向载荷的增加,磨损失重逐渐增加,但增幅逐渐变缓;磨损机制主要为磨粒对奥氏体基体的切削及VC硬质相和层片状合金碳化物的破碎剥落;磨损后表面硬度随法向载荷的增大逐渐增加,磨痕亚表面产生显著的加工硬化,奥氏体基体转变为马氏体组织,材料的硬度增强,使得熔敷金属在高载荷下表现出较好的耐磨性。  相似文献   
6.
The mechanical properties of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) depend on their formed phases and corresponding microstructures.The data-driven prediction of the phase formation and associated mechanical properties is essential to discovering novel CCAs.The present work collects 557 samples of various chemical compositions,comprising 61 amorphous,167 single-phase crystalline,and 329 multi-phases crystalline CCAs.Three classification models are developed with high accuracies to category and understand the formed phases of CCAs.Also,two regression models are constructed to predict the hard-ness and ultimate tensile strength of CCAs,and the correlation coefficient of the random forest regression model is greater than 0.9 for both of two targeted properties.Furthermore,the Shapley additive expla-nation (SHAP) values are calculated,and accordingly four most important features are identified.A significant finding in the SHAP values is that there exists a critical value in each of the top four fea-tures,which provides an easy and fast assessment in the design of improved mechanical properties of CCAs.The present work demonstrates the great potential of machine learning in the design of advanced CCAs.  相似文献   
7.
在航空γ剂量率测量过程中由于海拔高度跨度大,γ射线空气衰减系数会受到海拔高度、温度、气压与空气密度的影响,故需要进行相应修正。利用蒙特卡罗(MCNP)法模拟γ射线在不同空气密度下的线衰减系数。利用经验公式计算不同海拔高度下的空气密度,利用MCNP法建立γ谱仪模型,计算不同海拔高度、不同密度条件下的γ光子注量,根据指数衰减原理计算不同空气密度下的线衰减系数。结果表明,由经验公式求出的空气密度模拟得出的空气质量衰减系数与美国NIST推荐值最大相对误差为-17.3%;在γ射线参考辐射场中用衰减板进行实验验证,60Co源的最大相对误差为6.0%,137Cs源的最大相对误差为5.3%。本工作为后续低空近地辐射剂量的研究工作奠定了基础。  相似文献   
8.
对Nb?Si基超高温合金在900℃下的氧化和热腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:合金的氧化和热腐蚀动力学均由初始的抛物线增长阶段和随后的线性快速增长阶段组成。在氧化的初始阶段(1~50 h),合金表面形成较薄且连续的氧化膜,而在随后的线性阶段,合金表面发生严重的“粉化”现象。合金经热腐蚀后,其线性增长阶段发生得更早,同时在热腐蚀20~100 h后发生灾难性的氧化膜剥落现象,表明熔盐(Na2SO4和NaCl)能显著加快合金的氧化过程。STEM结果显示,热腐蚀后的氧化膜主要由TiO2、Nb2O5、TiNb2O7、非晶硅酸盐和NaNbO3组成。  相似文献   
9.
Grain refinement is critical for fabricating high-quality Al-Si casting components in the application of automobile and aerospace industries,while the well-known Si-poisoning effect makes it difficult.Nbbased refiners offer an effective method to refine Al-Si casting alloys,but their anti Si-poisoning capability is far from being understood.In this work,the grain refining mechanism and the anti Si-poisoning effect in the Al-10 Si/Al-5 Nb-B system were systematically investigated by combining transmission electron microscope,first-principles calculations,and thermodynamic calculations.It is revealed that NbB2provides the main nucleation site in the Al-10 Si ingot inoculated by 0.1 wt.%Nb Al-5 Nb-B refiner.The exposed Nb atoms on the(0001)NbB2and(1-100)NbB2surface can be substituted by Al to form(Al,Nb)B2intermedia layers.In addition,a layer of NbAl3-like compound(NbAl3')can cover the surface of NbB2with the orientation relation of(1-100)[11-20]NbB2//(110)[110]NbAl3'.Both of the(Al,Nb)B2and NbAl3'intermedia layers contribute to enhancing the nucleation potency of NbB2particles.These discoveries provide fundamental insight to the grain refining mechanism of the Nb-B based refiners for Al-Si casting alloys and are expected to guide the future development of stronger refiners for Al-Si casting alloys.  相似文献   
10.
The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe_(50)(CoCrMnNi)_(50) medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson equations.The specimens under study were partially recrystallized,fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure,and fully recrystallized with coarse grains.The yield strength decreases steadily as the fraction of recry stallized micro structure and grain size increases due to the recovery process and the Hall-Petch effect.Interestingly,the bimodal grain distribution was found to have a significant impact on strain hardening during plastic deformation.For instance,the highest ultimate tensile strength was exhibited by a 0.97 μm specimen,which was observed to contain a bimodal grain distribution.Furthermore,using the Ludwigson equation,the effect of the bimodal grain distribution was established from the behavior of K_2 and n1 curves.These curves tend to show very high values in the specimens with a bimodal grain distribution compared to those that show a homogenous grain distribution.Additionally,the bimodal grain distribution contributes to the extensive L(u|")ders strain observed in the 0.97 μm specimen,which induces a significant deviation of the Hollomon equation at lower strains.  相似文献   
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