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1.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
2.
The study of steels which guarantee safety and reliability throughout their service life in hydrogen-rich environments has increased considerably in recent years. Their mechanical behavior in terms of hydrogen embrittlement is of utmost importance. This work aims to assess the effects of hydrogen on the tensile properties of quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steels. Tensile tests were performed on smooth and notched specimens under different conditions: pre-charged in high pressure hydrogen gas, electrochemically pre-charged, and in-situ hydrogen charged in an acid aqueous medium. The influence of the charging methodology on the corresponding embrittlement indexes was assessed. The role of other test variables, such as the applied current density, the electrolyte composition, and the displacement rate was also studied. An important reduction of the strength was detected when notched specimens were subjected to in-situ charging. When the same tests were performed on smooth tensile specimens, the deformation results were reduced. This behavior is related to significant changes in the operative failure micromechanisms, from ductile (microvoids coalescence) in absence of hydrogen or under low hydrogen contents, to brittle (decohesion of martensite lath interfaces) under the most stringent conditions.  相似文献   
3.
The first step of urine formation is the selective filtration of the plasma into the urinary space at the kidney structure called the glomerulus. The filtration barrier of the glomerulus allows blood cells and large proteins such as albumin to be retained while eliminating the waste products of the body. The filtration barrier consists of three layers: fenestrated endothelial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells featured by numerous, actin-based projections called foot processes. Proteins on the foot process membrane are connected to the well-organized intracellular actin network. The Rho family of small GTPases (Rho GTPases) act as intracellular molecular switches. They tightly regulate actin dynamics and subsequent diverse cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, and spreading. Previous studies using podocyte-specific transgenic or knockout animal models have established that Rho GTPases are crucial for the podocyte health and barrier function. However, little attention has been paid regarding subcellular locations where distinct Rho GTPases contribute to specific functions. In the current review, we discuss cellular events involving the prototypical Rho GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) in podocytes, with particular focus on the subcellular compartments where the signaling events occur. We also provide our synthesized views of the current understanding and propose future research directions.  相似文献   
4.
通过ANSYS仿真软件建立了YG8硬质合金/42CrMo钢钎焊接头的焊接工艺模型和深冷处理工艺模型,分析了接头表面残余应力分布,并与经深冷+回火处理后的焊接接头表面残余应力进行对比。结果表明,深冷处理可使焊接接头42CrMo钢侧形成残余压应力,且深冷温度对残余压应力的影响较深冷次数更明显。最优深冷工艺为-160 ℃深冷3次,且仿真结果与试验测量值相差不大,表明所建立的模型具有一定的可靠性。  相似文献   
5.
采用CO2激光熔覆装置将LC3530铁基粉熔覆在35CrMo钢基体表面,研究了熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能,并与基体的进行对比。结果表明:基体组织为回火索氏体,晶粒尺寸在20μm左右,而熔覆层的组织为均匀细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸大多在8μm;基体的平均硬度为254.1HV,而熔覆层的平均硬度为640.5HV,且硬度分布更加均匀;在相同试验条件下,熔覆层试样的磨损量仅为基体试样的1/7,磨损系数是基体试样的1/5,且磨损后熔覆层试样的表面粗糙度较磨损前的大幅下降,表明激光熔覆后35CrMo钢的耐磨性能得到显著提高;基体试样的磨损机制为犁削磨损,而熔覆层试样的磨损机制为微观切削,其优异的耐磨性能与含有铁、铬、钼和碳等元素的高硬度合金碳化物的形成有关。  相似文献   
6.
通过对船用长轴类大锻件的热处理工艺研究得知,采用临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可以有效消除35CrMo钢组织遗传现象,细化晶粒。  相似文献   
7.
The metric representing the wind energy forecast error, when reported as a percent, is calculated quite differently than the error metrics for electricity transmission, electricity load, or in other industries such as manufacturing when they are also reported as a percent. The resulting calculated metric is quite different from what would be reported if the method utilized elsewhere was employed. This paper examines the possible forecast assessment and operational challenges associated with this finding. Concerning the prospects for improvement, the errors reported in MW of energy have a systematic component. With this insight, we developed a model to improve accuracy.  相似文献   
8.
通过金相试验方法测定42CrMo钢在890~930 ℃下保温10~240 min后的晶粒尺寸。结果表明,42CrMo钢在加热到试验温度890~930 ℃时已经完全奥氏体化,保温过程中的晶粒生长属于正常生长;加热温度对晶粒尺寸的影响较大,保温时间对晶粒尺寸的影响较小;随保温时间的延长晶粒生长缓慢,晶粒尺寸与保温时间满足指数小于1的函数关系。基于试验数据,通过线性回归得到晶粒长大的Beck模型参数,通过非线性回归得到Sellars和Anelli模型参数,3个模型的预测精度都较好,而Anelli模型的适用性要高于Beck模型和Sellars模型,故在预测42CrMo钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律时宜使用Anelli模型。  相似文献   
9.
通过对42CrMo4风机主轴结构尺寸、性能要求、材质特点等方面进行分析,对原有锻后热处理工艺进行优化,制定出既能达到锻后热处理效果又经济节能的工艺参数。  相似文献   
10.
Australia's electricity market is rapidly adding renewable energy generation. Utility-scale batteries could have a major role in facilitating these transitions; however, their deployment is still largely state-subsidized. We summarize the current and future roles for batteries from a legal-economic perspective in the context of Australia's electricity market framework. We find that the future of batteries in Australia is not only a function of the large-scale deployment of renewables, their cost development and the comparative future cost of competing gas turbines but also of national electricity market and state policy reforms focusing on reliability.  相似文献   
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